{"title":"Loach","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-244\" data-turn-id=\"e100ff4b-40f8-4e22-8fba-1900ae5892f5\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-2\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"919c2bd0-d88c-4a8d-9b83-aabe60aab51e\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-is-only-node=\"\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-end=\"317\" data-start=\"77\"\u003eExplore our curated collection of loaches — from peaceful hillstream species to rare river specialists. Detailed profiles, care guidance, and habitat insights for aquarists who appreciate bottom-dwelling elegance and natural behavior.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"broad-headed-hillstream-loach-purple-finned-hillstream-loach","title":"Broad-headed Hillstream Loach (Purple-finned Hillstream Loach)","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies Overview -\u003c\/strong\u003ePseudogastromyzon laticeps\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"578\" data-start=\"534\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"977\" data-start=\"580\"\u003eRevered by native fish enthusiasts as \u003cem data-end=\"676\" data-start=\"618\"\u003e“the purple-winged spirit of eastern Guangdong streams,”\u003c\/em\u003e the Broad-headed \u003cstrong\u003eHillstream Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e is distinguished by its extremely flattened, rock-hugging body, powerful adhesive ability, and the mysterious violet sheen that appears along the fin margins during the breeding season. Among China’s endemic small benthic fishes, it stands as a truly unique species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"982\" data-start=\"979\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1026\" data-start=\"984\"\u003eI. Basic Information (Species Overview)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1733\" data-start=\"1028\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1044\" data-start=\"1028\"\u003eCommon Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Broad-headed Hillstream Loach\u003cbr data-end=\"1077\" data-start=\"1074\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1093\" data-start=\"1077\"\u003eOther Names:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purple-finned Hillstream Loach, Eastern Guangdong Purple-fin Loach\u003cbr data-end=\"1163\" data-start=\"1160\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1180\" data-start=\"1163\"\u003eEnglish Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purple-finned Hillstream Loach (non-official, hobbyist usage)\u003cbr data-end=\"1245\" data-start=\"1242\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1265\" data-start=\"1245\"\u003eScientific Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"1294\" data-start=\"1266\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon laticeps\u003c\/em\u003e Chen \u0026amp; Zheng, 1980\u003cbr data-end=\"1316\" data-start=\"1313\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1327\" data-start=\"1316\"\u003eFamily:\u003c\/strong\u003e Balitoridae\u003cbr data-end=\"1342\" data-start=\"1339\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1352\" data-start=\"1342\"\u003eGenus:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"1372\" data-start=\"1353\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1375\" data-start=\"1372\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1392\" data-start=\"1375\"\u003eNative Range:\u003c\/strong\u003e Independent coastal mountain streams of eastern Guangdong Province, China\u003cbr data-end=\"1469\" data-start=\"1466\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1488\" data-start=\"1469\"\u003eMaximum Length:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5–6 cm (males slightly larger than females)\u003cbr data-end=\"1535\" data-start=\"1532\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1548\" data-start=\"1535\"\u003eLifespan:\u003c\/strong\u003e Approximately 4–5 years under proper captive care\u003cbr data-end=\"1601\" data-start=\"1598\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1625\" data-start=\"1601\"\u003eConservation Status:\u003c\/strong\u003e Not listed as a protected species, but considered a narrow-range endemic with vulnerable wild populations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1738\" data-start=\"1735\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1786\" data-start=\"1740\"\u003eII. Natural Distribution and Native Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1818\" data-start=\"1788\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1918\" data-start=\"1820\"\u003eThis species is \u003cstrong data-end=\"1906\" data-start=\"1836\"\u003estrictly limited to eastern Guangdong’s coastal mountain drainages\u003c\/strong\u003e, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2142\" data-start=\"1920\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1999\" data-start=\"1920\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1999\" data-start=\"1922\"\u003eDapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen (e.g., Qiniang Mountain, Paiya Mountain streams)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2034\" data-start=\"2000\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2034\" data-start=\"2002\"\u003eLianhua Mountain area, Huizhou\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2072\" data-start=\"2035\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2072\" data-start=\"2037\"\u003eHaifeng and Luhe regions, Shanwei\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2142\" data-start=\"2073\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2142\" data-start=\"2075\"\u003ePhoenix Mountain and selected tributaries in Chaozhou and Raoping\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2303\" data-start=\"2144\"\u003eIt does \u003cstrong data-end=\"2159\" data-start=\"2152\"\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e occur in the Pearl River main system, Xijiang, or Beijiang rivers.\u003cbr data-end=\"2229\" data-start=\"2226\"\u003eGeographic isolation from other \u003cem data-end=\"2280\" data-start=\"2261\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e species is pronounced.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2308\" data-start=\"2305\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2347\" data-start=\"2310\"\u003e2. Native Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2776\" data-start=\"2349\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2440\" data-start=\"2349\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2440\" data-start=\"2351\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2366\" data-start=\"2351\"\u003eWater Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Small headwater streams, mountain brooks, shallow runs below waterfalls\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2533\" data-start=\"2441\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2533\" data-start=\"2443\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2452\" data-start=\"2443\"\u003eFlow:\u003c\/strong\u003e Alternating gentle to fast currents, consistently high oxygen levels (\u0026gt;6 mg\/L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2609\" data-start=\"2534\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2609\" data-start=\"2536\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2550\" data-start=\"2536\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Smooth bedrock, slate, and rounded cobbles; minimal silt\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2702\" data-start=\"2610\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2702\" data-start=\"2612\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2628\" data-start=\"2612\"\u003eTemperature:\u003c\/strong\u003e 12–22°C (summer temperatures may briefly reach 26°C under forest shade)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2776\" data-start=\"2703\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2776\" data-start=\"2705\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2725\" data-start=\"2705\"\u003eWater Chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clear water, pH 6.5–7.2, soft water (GH 2–5 dGH)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2933\" data-start=\"2778\"\u003e👉 These conditions indicate that the species favors \u003cstrong data-end=\"2866\" data-start=\"2831\"\u003eclean, oxygen-rich environments\u003c\/strong\u003e, but does \u003cstrong data-end=\"2932\" data-start=\"2877\"\u003enot require extreme torrent conditions at all times\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2938\" data-start=\"2935\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2980\" data-start=\"2940\"\u003eIII. Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3007\" data-start=\"2982\"\u003e1. General Morphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3389\" data-start=\"3009\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3081\" data-start=\"3009\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3081\" data-start=\"3011\"\u003eBody extremely dorsoventrally flattened, oval “suction-disc” profile\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3162\" data-start=\"3082\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3162\" data-start=\"3084\"\u003eBroad head (the origin of the common name “broad-headed”) with rounded snout\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3221\" data-start=\"3163\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3221\" data-start=\"3165\"\u003eInferior mouth with well-developed adhesive structures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3303\" data-start=\"3222\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3303\" data-start=\"3224\"\u003eBase coloration ranges from brown to olive green with irregular dark blotches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3389\" data-start=\"3304\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3389\" data-start=\"3306\"\u003eFins semi-transparent, showing metallic blue-violet iridescence at certain angles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3394\" data-start=\"3391\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3457\" data-start=\"3396\"\u003e2. Secondary Sexual Characteristics (Pronounced in Males)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3706\" data-start=\"3459\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3525\" data-start=\"3459\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3525\" data-start=\"3461\"\u003eThickened and elongated first rays of pectoral and pelvic fins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3611\" data-start=\"3526\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3611\" data-start=\"3528\"\u003eDistinct purple-red to blue-violet coloration along dorsal and caudal fin margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3666\" data-start=\"3612\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3666\" data-start=\"3614\"\u003eFine white nuptial tubercles on the snout and head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3706\" data-start=\"3667\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3706\" data-start=\"3669\"\u003eIncreased contrast of body markings\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3711\" data-start=\"3708\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3747\" data-start=\"3713\"\u003e3. Sex Identification (Adults)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"4041\" data-start=\"3749\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"3774\" data-start=\"3749\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3774\" data-start=\"3749\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3757\" data-start=\"3749\"\u003eTrait\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3764\" data-start=\"3757\"\u003eMale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3774\" data-start=\"3764\"\u003eFemale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"4041\" data-start=\"3789\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3873\" data-start=\"3789\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3802\" data-start=\"3789\"\u003eBody Shape\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3831\" data-start=\"3802\"\u003eMore slender, broader head\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3873\" data-start=\"3831\"\u003eFuller abdomen, especially when gravid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3874\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3886\" data-start=\"3874\"\u003eFin Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3924\" data-start=\"3886\"\u003eStrong purple tones during breeding\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3924\"\u003eFins pale, little to no purple\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4041\" data-start=\"3959\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3970\" data-start=\"3959\"\u003eBehavior\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4011\" data-start=\"3970\"\u003eActively patrols and defends territory\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4041\" data-start=\"4011\"\u003eMostly stationary on rocks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4046\" data-start=\"4043\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4079\" data-start=\"4048\"\u003eIV. Temperament and Behavior\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4489\" data-start=\"4081\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4168\" data-start=\"4081\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4168\" data-start=\"4083\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4102\" data-start=\"4083\"\u003eActivity Level:\u003c\/strong\u003e Moderate; primarily slow crawling and short hops between stones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4267\" data-start=\"4169\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4267\" data-start=\"4171\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4186\" data-start=\"4171\"\u003eLocomotion:\u003c\/strong\u003e “Walking” with pectoral fins combined with tail flicks; poor sustained swimmer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4357\" data-start=\"4268\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4357\" data-start=\"4270\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4289\" data-start=\"4270\"\u003eTerritoriality:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low to moderate; males defend small rock surfaces during breeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4415\" data-start=\"4358\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4415\" data-start=\"4360\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4375\" data-start=\"4360\"\u003eAggression:\u003c\/strong\u003e Extremely low; strictly non-predatory\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4489\" data-start=\"4416\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4489\" data-start=\"4418\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4435\" data-start=\"4418\"\u003eDaily Rhythm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Primarily diurnal, but most active at dawn and dusk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4604\" data-start=\"4491\"\u003e💡 This species functions as a \u003cstrong data-end=\"4550\" data-start=\"4522\"\u003emicro-ecosystem engineer\u003c\/strong\u003e, grazing biofilm and maintaining clean rock surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4609\" data-start=\"4606\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4653\" data-start=\"4611\"\u003eV. Care Difficulty and Suitable Keepers\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4699\" data-start=\"4655\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4670\" data-start=\"4655\"\u003eCare Level:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★☆☆ (Moderately difficult)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4721\" data-start=\"4701\"\u003eBest suited for:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4949\" data-start=\"4722\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4793\" data-start=\"4722\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4793\" data-start=\"4724\"\u003eExperienced aquarists familiar with coldwater or hillstream systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4866\" data-start=\"4794\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4866\" data-start=\"4796\"\u003eKeepers able to provide stable low temperatures and high oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4949\" data-start=\"4867\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4949\" data-start=\"4869\"\u003eHobbyists interested in observing benthic behavior and ecological interactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4975\" data-start=\"4951\"\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5048\" data-start=\"4976\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4989\" data-start=\"4976\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4989\" data-start=\"4978\"\u003eBeginners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5048\" data-start=\"4990\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5048\" data-start=\"4992\"\u003eAquarists without temperature control in warm climates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5188\" data-start=\"5050\"\u003e⚠️ \u003cstrong data-end=\"5083\" data-start=\"5053\"\u003ePrimary causes of failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e prolonged temperatures above 26°C, organic buildup in substrate, and inappropriate high-protein feeding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5193\" data-start=\"5190\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5226\" data-start=\"5195\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Care Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5248\" data-start=\"5228\"\u003e1. Aquarium Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5379\" data-start=\"5250\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5324\" data-start=\"5250\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5324\" data-start=\"5252\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5264\" data-start=\"5252\"\u003eMinimum:\u003c\/strong\u003e 40 cm tank for one individual or a small group (2–3 fish)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5379\" data-start=\"5325\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5379\" data-start=\"5327\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5337\" data-start=\"5327\"\u003eIdeal:\u003c\/strong\u003e 60 cm or larger for groups of 4 or more\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5466\" data-start=\"5381\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5399\" data-start=\"5381\"\u003eKey principle:\u003c\/strong\u003e prioritize horizontal footprint and bottom area rather than depth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5471\" data-start=\"5468\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5496\" data-start=\"5473\"\u003e2. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"5791\" data-start=\"5498\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"5539\" data-start=\"5498\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5539\" data-start=\"5498\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5510\" data-start=\"5498\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5530\" data-start=\"5510\"\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5539\" data-start=\"5530\"\u003eNotes\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"5791\" data-start=\"5554\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5636\" data-start=\"5554\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5568\" data-start=\"5554\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5578\" data-start=\"5568\"\u003e14–26°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5636\" data-start=\"5578\"\u003e≤26°C considered safe; short-term tolerance up to 28°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5684\" data-start=\"5637\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5642\" data-start=\"5637\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5654\" data-start=\"5642\"\u003e6.5 – 7.2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"5684\" data-start=\"5654\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eSlightly acidic to neutral\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5726\" data-start=\"5685\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5690\" data-start=\"5685\"\u003eGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5702\" data-start=\"5690\"\u003e2 – 5 dGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5726\" data-start=\"5702\"\u003eSoft water preferred\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5791\" data-start=\"5727\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5746\" data-start=\"5727\"\u003eDissolved Oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5757\" data-start=\"5746\"\u003e\u0026gt; 6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5791\" data-start=\"5757\"\u003eEssential for long-term health\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5796\" data-start=\"5793\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5815\" data-start=\"5798\"\u003e3. Tank Setup\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5831\" data-start=\"5817\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5831\" data-start=\"5817\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5962\" data-start=\"5832\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5892\" data-start=\"5832\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5892\" data-start=\"5834\"\u003eFine sand or small gravel to simulate natural streambeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5962\" data-start=\"5893\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5962\" data-start=\"5895\"\u003eBare-bottom setups acceptable if ample hard surfaces are provided\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5978\" data-start=\"5964\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5978\" data-start=\"5964\"\u003eHardscape:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6158\" data-start=\"5979\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"5979\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"5981\"\u003eExtensive use of smooth rocks, slate, or river stones is essential\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6121\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6121\" data-start=\"6052\"\u003eStones should form crevices and undersides for shelter and spawning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6158\" data-start=\"6122\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6158\" data-start=\"6124\"\u003eDriftwood may be added sparingly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6175\" data-start=\"6160\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6175\" data-start=\"6160\"\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6270\" data-start=\"6176\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6270\" data-start=\"6176\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6270\" data-start=\"6178\"\u003eEfficient filtration (canister or strong hang-on-back) to maintain clarity and oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6287\" data-start=\"6272\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6287\" data-start=\"6272\"\u003eWater Flow:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6480\" data-start=\"6288\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6371\" data-start=\"6288\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6371\" data-start=\"6290\"\u003ePowerheads or directional outlets recommended to create gentle to moderate flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6480\" data-start=\"6372\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6480\" data-start=\"6374\"\u003eWhile extreme current is not mandatory, flow improves feeding efficiency, activity, and overall vitality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6485\" data-start=\"6482\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6511\" data-start=\"6487\"\u003eVII. Diet and Feeding\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"6532\" data-start=\"6513\"\u003e1. Natural Diet\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6635\" data-start=\"6534\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6561\" data-start=\"6534\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6561\" data-start=\"6536\"\u003eDiatoms and green algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6586\" data-start=\"6562\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6586\" data-start=\"6564\"\u003eBiofilm and aufwuchs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6635\" data-start=\"6587\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6635\" data-start=\"6589\"\u003eMicroscopic invertebrates (rotifers, copepods)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6640\" data-start=\"6637\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"6680\" data-start=\"6642\"\u003e2. Captive Feeding Recommendations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6699\" data-start=\"6682\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6699\" data-start=\"6682\"\u003eStaple Foods:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6786\" data-start=\"6700\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6737\" data-start=\"6700\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6737\" data-start=\"6702\"\u003eHigh-quality sinking algae wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6786\" data-start=\"6738\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6786\" data-start=\"6740\"\u003eNaturally grown algae on tank surfaces (ideal)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6812\" data-start=\"6788\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6812\" data-start=\"6788\"\u003eSupplementary Foods:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6914\" data-start=\"6813\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6851\" data-start=\"6813\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6851\" data-start=\"6815\"\u003eFinely crushed frozen mysis shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6871\" data-start=\"6852\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6871\" data-start=\"6854\"\u003eSpirulina paste\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6914\" data-start=\"6872\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6914\" data-start=\"6874\"\u003eBlanched spinach leaves (pesticide-free)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6926\" data-start=\"6916\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6926\" data-start=\"6916\"\u003eAvoid:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7002\" data-start=\"6927\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6983\" data-start=\"6927\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6983\" data-start=\"6929\"\u003eHigh-protein carnivorous foods (bloodworms, tubifex)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7002\" data-start=\"6984\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7002\" data-start=\"6986\"\u003eFloating pellets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7068\" data-start=\"7004\"\u003e💡 Feeding is most effective in the evening or after lights-out.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7073\" data-start=\"7070\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7118\" data-start=\"7075\"\u003eVIII. Tankmate Compatibility (Important)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"7144\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003e✅ Suitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7317\" data-start=\"7145\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7191\" data-start=\"7145\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7191\" data-start=\"7147\"\u003eLong-finned Minnows (\u003cem data-end=\"7183\" data-start=\"7168\"\u003eOpsariichthys\u003c\/em\u003e spp.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7226\" data-start=\"7192\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7226\" data-start=\"7194\"\u003eChinese Minnows (\u003cem data-end=\"7218\" data-start=\"7211\"\u003eZacco\u003c\/em\u003e spp.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7262\" data-start=\"7227\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7262\" data-start=\"7229\"\u003eGobies (\u003cem data-end=\"7259\" data-start=\"7237\"\u003eRhinogobius giurinus\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7317\" data-start=\"7263\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7317\" data-start=\"7265\"\u003eOther gentle benthic species such as Panda Loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"7345\" data-start=\"7319\"\u003e❌ Unsuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7484\" data-start=\"7346\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7418\" data-start=\"7346\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7418\" data-start=\"7348\"\u003eSuckermouth catfish (e.g., plecos) — competition and physical stress\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7452\" data-start=\"7419\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7452\" data-start=\"7421\"\u003eAggressive cichlids or bettas\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7484\" data-start=\"7453\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7484\" data-start=\"7455\"\u003eOvercrowded community tanks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7600\" data-start=\"7486\"\u003e📌 \u003cstrong data-end=\"7507\" data-start=\"7489\"\u003eKey principle:\u003c\/strong\u003e avoid competition for bottom space and ensure compatible temperature and water requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7605\" data-start=\"7602\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7631\" data-start=\"7607\"\u003eIX. Breeding Behavior\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"7668\" data-start=\"7633\"\u003e1. Reproductive Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7979\" data-start=\"7670\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7753\" data-start=\"7670\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7753\" data-start=\"7672\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7692\" data-start=\"7672\"\u003eBreeding Season:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spring to early summer (18–21°C, often linked to rainfall)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7838\" data-start=\"7754\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7838\" data-start=\"7756\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7770\" data-start=\"7756\"\u003eCourtship:\u003c\/strong\u003e Males display purple fins and guide females toward spawning sites\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7894\" data-start=\"7839\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7894\" data-start=\"7841\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7860\" data-start=\"7841\"\u003eSpawning Sites:\u003c\/strong\u003e Undersides of rocks or crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7979\" data-start=\"7895\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7979\" data-start=\"7897\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7915\" data-start=\"7897\"\u003eParental Care:\u003c\/strong\u003e Limited guarding by males; less intense than in \u003cem data-end=\"7979\" data-start=\"7964\"\u003eOpsariichthys\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7984\" data-start=\"7981\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"8012\" data-start=\"7986\"\u003e2. Breeding Challenges\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8192\" data-start=\"8014\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8064\" data-start=\"8014\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8064\" data-start=\"8016\"\u003eHighly sensitive to water quality fluctuations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8126\" data-start=\"8065\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8126\" data-start=\"8067\"\u003eEggs require good water movement to prevent fungal growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8192\" data-start=\"8127\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8192\" data-start=\"8129\"\u003eFry are difficult to raise, requiring microalgae and rotifers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8279\" data-start=\"8194\"\u003e👉 Most specimens in the trade originate from professional captive breeding programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"8284\" data-start=\"8281\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"8325\" data-start=\"8286\"\u003eX. Common Issues and Important Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8718\" data-start=\"8327\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8426\" data-start=\"8327\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8426\" data-start=\"8329\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8350\" data-start=\"8329\"\u003eHeat sensitivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e prolonged exposure above 26°C causes metabolic stress; \u0026gt;28°C may be fatal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8489\" data-start=\"8427\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8489\" data-start=\"8429\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8451\" data-start=\"8429\"\u003eSubstrate hygiene:\u003c\/strong\u003e organic buildup can lead to fin rot\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8554\" data-start=\"8490\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8554\" data-start=\"8492\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8518\" data-start=\"8492\"\u003eSeasonal availability:\u003c\/strong\u003e best acquired in spring or autumn\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8718\" data-start=\"8555\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8586\" data-start=\"8557\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8584\" data-start=\"8557\"\u003eEthical considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8718\" data-start=\"8589\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8623\" data-start=\"8589\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8623\" data-start=\"8591\"\u003eA narrow-range endemic species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8651\" data-start=\"8626\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8651\" data-start=\"8628\"\u003eAvoid wild collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8718\" data-start=\"8654\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8718\" data-start=\"8656\"\u003eObserve responsibly and never remove individuals from nature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"8723\" data-start=\"8720\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"8770\" data-start=\"8725\"\u003eXI. Summary: Who Should Keep This Species?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8842\" data-start=\"8772\"\u003eThe Broad-headed Hillstream Loach is not a “utility fish,” but rather:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8985\" data-start=\"8844\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8897\" data-start=\"8844\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8897\" data-start=\"8846\"\u003eA living ambassador of mountain stream ecosystems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8937\" data-start=\"8898\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8937\" data-start=\"8900\"\u003eA silent indicator of water quality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8985\" data-start=\"8938\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8985\" data-start=\"8940\"\u003eA low-key yet striking purple-winged dancer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9093\" data-start=\"8987\"\u003eIt does not demand roaring torrents—but it does ask for \u003cstrong data-end=\"9092\" data-start=\"9043\"\u003ecool, clean water and stones it can call home\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46327440146621,"sku":null,"price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-043_e38cc040-ebf9-4ded-9f67-803406c0414c.png?v=1769837811"},{"product_id":"pseudogastromyzon-fasciatusinternet-famous-hillstream-loach-species-profile","title":"Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus(Internet-famous hillstream loach) — Species Profile","description":"\u003ch2 data-end=\"1109\" data-start=\"1056\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1109\" data-start=\"1060\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus — Species Profile\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1157\" data-start=\"1111\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1779\" data-start=\"1159\"\u003eIn June 2019, a short video recorded by a freshwater fish enthusiast in a mountain stream in Zhejiang Province went viral on Chinese social media, receiving nearly one million likes. The footage showed a small endemic \u003cstrong\u003eloach \u003c\/strong\u003efirmly attached to smooth stones in clear running water, displaying a vivid yellow body coloration and a striking black-and-white dorsal fin.\u003cbr data-end=\"1527\" data-start=\"1524\"\u003eThe video was widely shared by major national media outlets, including \u003cem data-end=\"1614\" data-start=\"1598\"\u003ePeople’s Daily\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem data-end=\"1652\" data-start=\"1619\"\u003eChina Central Television (CCTV)\u003c\/em\u003e, as well as numerous science communicators, significantly increasing public awareness of China’s native freshwater fish fauna.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1962\" data-start=\"1781\"\u003eIt was through this phenomenon-level exposure that \u003cem data-end=\"1861\" data-start=\"1832\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e acquired its widely recognized nickname among aquarists: \u003cstrong data-end=\"1962\" data-start=\"1919\"\u003ethe “Internet-famous hillstream loach.”\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2085\" data-start=\"1964\"\u003e📸 The images used in this article are extracted from the original viral video that sparked widespread attention in 2019.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2090\" data-start=\"2087\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2134\" data-start=\"2092\"\u003eI. Basic Information (Species Overview)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3032\" data-start=\"2136\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2162\" data-start=\"2136\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2162\" data-start=\"2138\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2155\" data-start=\"2138\"\u003eChinese name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 拟腹吸鳅\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2222\" data-start=\"2163\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2222\" data-start=\"2165\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2187\" data-start=\"2165\"\u003eAquarist nickname:\u003c\/strong\u003e Internet-famous Hillstream Loach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2288\" data-start=\"2223\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2288\" data-start=\"2225\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2245\" data-start=\"2225\"\u003eScientific name:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"2275\" data-start=\"2246\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e Chen, 1980\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2321\" data-start=\"2289\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2321\" data-start=\"2291\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2302\" data-start=\"2291\"\u003eFamily:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gastromyzontidae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2356\" data-start=\"2322\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2356\" data-start=\"2324\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2334\" data-start=\"2324\"\u003eGenus:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"2354\" data-start=\"2335\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2526\" data-start=\"2357\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2526\" data-start=\"2359\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2376\" data-start=\"2359\"\u003eNative range:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mountain streams of Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces, China, including the Min River, Ou River, Feiyun River, Aojiang River, and Qiantang River basins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2614\" data-start=\"2527\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2614\" data-start=\"2529\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2554\" data-start=\"2529\"\u003eMaximum total length:\u003c\/strong\u003e Up to 7 cm (males typically slightly larger than females)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2682\" data-start=\"2615\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2682\" data-start=\"2617\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2630\" data-start=\"2617\"\u003eLifespan:\u003c\/strong\u003e Approximately 4–5 years under proper captive care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2985\" data-start=\"2683\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2985\" data-start=\"2685\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2709\" data-start=\"2685\"\u003eConservation status:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2712\" data-start=\"2709\"\u003eEndemic to China; not listed under national or provincial key protected wildlife lists.\u003cbr data-end=\"2804\" data-start=\"2801\"\u003eWild populations are subject to general protection under the Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China, and unlicensed collection is prohibited in most distribution areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3032\" data-start=\"2986\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3032\" data-start=\"2988\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3001\" data-start=\"2988\"\u003eEndemism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Globally restricted to China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3205\" data-start=\"3034\"\u003e📌 This species has \u003cstrong data-end=\"3092\" data-start=\"3054\"\u003eno established English common name\u003c\/strong\u003e; international scientific communication relies exclusively on the scientific name \u003cem data-end=\"3204\" data-start=\"3175\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3210\" data-start=\"3207\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3258\" data-start=\"3212\"\u003eII. Natural Distribution and Native Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3290\" data-start=\"3260\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3374\" data-start=\"3291\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"3320\" data-start=\"3291\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e is primarily found in mountain stream systems within:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3605\" data-start=\"3376\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3495\" data-start=\"3376\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3495\" data-start=\"3378\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3398\" data-start=\"3378\"\u003eFujian Province:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upper and middle Min River (Youxi, Jian’ou, Nanping), Mulan River, headwaters of the Jin River\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3605\" data-start=\"3496\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3605\" data-start=\"3498\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3520\" data-start=\"3498\"\u003eZhejiang Province:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ou River, Feiyun River, Aojiang River, and upper tributaries of the Qiantang River\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3644\" data-start=\"3607\"\u003e2. Native Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4152\" data-start=\"3645\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3739\" data-start=\"3645\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3739\" data-start=\"3647\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3662\" data-start=\"3647\"\u003eWater type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shaded mountain streams, shallow riffles below waterfalls, rocky riverbeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3828\" data-start=\"3740\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3828\" data-start=\"3742\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3751\" data-start=\"3742\"\u003eFlow:\u003c\/strong\u003e Slow to moderate current with consistently high dissolved oxygen (\u0026gt;6 mg\/L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3895\" data-start=\"3829\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3895\" data-start=\"3831\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3845\" data-start=\"3831\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Smooth granite slabs, shale, or rounded cobbles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4059\" data-start=\"3896\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4059\" data-start=\"3898\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3920\" data-start=\"3898\"\u003eWater temperature:\u003c\/strong\u003e Typically 14–22 °C in the wild; in captivity, individuals may tolerate temperatures up to 28 °C under stable, well-oxygenated conditions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4152\" data-start=\"4060\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4152\" data-start=\"4062\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4082\" data-start=\"4062\"\u003eWater chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clear water; pH 6.5–7.2; soft to moderately soft water (GH 3–6 dGH)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4272\" data-start=\"4154\"\u003e👉 The presence of this species is widely regarded as an indicator of good water quality and intact stream ecosystems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4277\" data-start=\"4274\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4319\" data-start=\"4279\"\u003eIII. Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4346\" data-start=\"4321\"\u003e1. General Morphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4954\" data-start=\"4347\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4429\" data-start=\"4347\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4429\" data-start=\"4349\"\u003eStrongly dorsoventrally flattened body with an oval, suction-disc-like profile\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4504\" data-start=\"4430\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4504\" data-start=\"4432\"\u003eProportionally balanced head with a rounded snout; no suborbital spine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4609\" data-start=\"4505\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4609\" data-start=\"4507\"\u003eInferior mouth; pectoral and pelvic fins expanded and connected, forming a powerful adhesive surface\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4663\" data-start=\"4610\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4663\" data-start=\"4612\"\u003eAdults may display a vivid yellow body coloration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4791\" data-start=\"4664\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4791\" data-start=\"4666\"\u003eBody marked with 12–18 dark vertical bands extending from the dorsum toward the belly, narrowing toward the caudal peduncle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4887\" data-start=\"4792\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4887\" data-start=\"4794\"\u003eDorsal fin with a white base densely patterned with black spots and a distinct black margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4954\" data-start=\"4888\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4954\" data-start=\"4890\"\u003eVentral surface silvery white, creating strong visual contrast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5003\" data-start=\"4956\"\u003e2. Secondary Sexual Characteristics (Males)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5253\" data-start=\"5004\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5064\" data-start=\"5004\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5064\" data-start=\"5006\"\u003eIntensified yellow coloration during the breeding season\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5148\" data-start=\"5065\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5148\" data-start=\"5067\"\u003eSubtle orange-red or purplish sheen along the edges of pectoral and pelvic fins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5203\" data-start=\"5149\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5203\" data-start=\"5151\"\u003eFine white nuptial tubercles on the snout and head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5253\" data-start=\"5204\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5253\" data-start=\"5206\"\u003eSlight elongation of the first dorsal fin ray\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5289\" data-start=\"5255\"\u003e3. Sex Identification (Adults)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"5605\" data-start=\"5291\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"5316\" data-start=\"5291\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5316\" data-start=\"5291\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5299\" data-start=\"5291\"\u003eTrait\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5306\" data-start=\"5299\"\u003eMale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5316\" data-start=\"5306\"\u003eFemale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"5605\" data-start=\"5331\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5413\" data-start=\"5331\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5344\" data-start=\"5331\"\u003eBody shape\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5371\" data-start=\"5344\"\u003eMore slender; up to 7 cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"5413\" data-start=\"5371\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eFuller abdomen, especially when gravid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5501\" data-start=\"5414\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5427\" data-start=\"5414\"\u003eColoration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5471\" data-start=\"5427\"\u003eBrighter yellow; stronger dorsal contrast\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5501\" data-start=\"5471\"\u003eSlightly duller coloration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5605\" data-start=\"5502\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5513\" data-start=\"5502\"\u003eBehavior\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"5561\" data-start=\"5513\"\u003eMore active; display behavior during breeding\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5605\" data-start=\"5561\"\u003eTypically stationary, focused on grazing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5610\" data-start=\"5607\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5639\" data-start=\"5612\"\u003eIV. Behavior and Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5953\" data-start=\"5641\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5732\" data-start=\"5641\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5732\" data-start=\"5643\"\u003ePrimarily adheres to rock surfaces during daylight; activity increases at dawn and dusk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5821\" data-start=\"5733\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5821\" data-start=\"5735\"\u003eLocomotion consists of pectoral-fin “walking” combined with short tail-assisted hops\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5886\" data-start=\"5822\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5886\" data-start=\"5824\"\u003eNon-aggressive; feeds exclusively on algae films and biofilm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5953\" data-start=\"5887\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5953\" data-start=\"5889\"\u003eWeak territoriality; small groups generally coexist peacefully\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6069\" data-start=\"5955\"\u003e💡 This species functions as a \u003cstrong data-end=\"6016\" data-start=\"5986\"\u003emicro-ecosystem maintainer\u003c\/strong\u003e, regulating algal growth through continuous grazing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6074\" data-start=\"6071\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6126\" data-start=\"6076\"\u003eV. Captive Care Difficulty and Suitable Keepers\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6168\" data-start=\"6128\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6168\" data-start=\"6128\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6168\" data-start=\"6130\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6145\" data-start=\"6130\"\u003eCare level:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★☆☆ (Intermediate)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6189\" data-start=\"6170\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6187\" data-start=\"6170\"\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6399\" data-start=\"6190\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6253\" data-start=\"6190\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6253\" data-start=\"6192\"\u003eAquarists experienced with hillstream or cool-water aquaria\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6346\" data-start=\"6254\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6346\" data-start=\"6256\"\u003eKeepers capable of maintaining stable water quality, moderate flow, and clean substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6399\" data-start=\"6347\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6399\" data-start=\"6349\"\u003eObservers interested in natural benthic behavior\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6427\" data-start=\"6401\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6425\" data-start=\"6401\"\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6524\" data-start=\"6428\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6450\" data-start=\"6428\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6450\" data-start=\"6430\"\u003eComplete beginners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6524\" data-start=\"6451\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6524\" data-start=\"6453\"\u003eEnvironments where water temperature cannot be kept at or below 28 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6635\" data-start=\"6526\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6555\" data-start=\"6526\"\u003eCommon causes of failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Substrate fouling, stagnant water flow, and inappropriate high-protein feeding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6795\" data-start=\"6637\"\u003e✅ \u003cstrong data-end=\"6653\" data-start=\"6639\"\u003eKey point:\u003c\/strong\u003e Under conditions of adequate oxygenation, gentle water circulation, and temperatures ≤28 °C, \u003cem data-end=\"6761\" data-start=\"6747\"\u003eP. fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e can be maintained in good health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6800\" data-start=\"6797\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6839\" data-start=\"6802\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup Recommendations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"6861\" data-start=\"6841\"\u003e1. Aquarium Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7093\" data-start=\"6862\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6906\" data-start=\"6862\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6906\" data-start=\"6864\"\u003ePair: 40 cm tank (approximately 30–40 L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6973\" data-start=\"6907\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6973\" data-start=\"6909\"\u003eSmall group (3–5 individuals): 60 cm tank (approximately 60 L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7093\" data-start=\"6974\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7093\" data-start=\"6976\"\u003eCompatible with mid- and upper-water species (e.g., \u003cem data-end=\"7043\" data-start=\"7028\"\u003eOpsariichthys\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem data-end=\"7052\" data-start=\"7045\"\u003eZacco\u003c\/em\u003e) to utilize vertical space efficiently\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"7118\" data-start=\"7095\"\u003e2. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"7428\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"7161\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7161\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7132\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7152\" data-start=\"7132\"\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7161\" data-start=\"7152\"\u003eNotes\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"7428\" data-start=\"7176\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7237\" data-start=\"7176\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7190\" data-start=\"7176\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7201\" data-start=\"7190\"\u003e16–28 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7237\" data-start=\"7201\"\u003e≤28 °C for long-term maintenance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7283\" data-start=\"7238\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7243\" data-start=\"7238\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7253\" data-start=\"7243\"\u003e6.5–7.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7283\" data-start=\"7253\"\u003eSlightly acidic to neutral\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7326\" data-start=\"7284\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7289\" data-start=\"7284\"\u003eGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7299\" data-start=\"7289\"\u003e3–8 dGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7326\" data-start=\"7299\"\u003eSoft to moderately soft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7369\" data-start=\"7327\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7346\" data-start=\"7327\"\u003eDissolved oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7356\" data-start=\"7346\"\u003e\u0026gt;6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7369\" data-start=\"7356\"\u003eEssential\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7428\" data-start=\"7370\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7383\" data-start=\"7370\"\u003eWater flow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"7404\" data-start=\"7383\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eGentle to moderate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"7428\" data-start=\"7404\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eAvoid stagnant zones\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"7459\" data-start=\"7430\"\u003e3. Aquascaping (Critical)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7778\" data-start=\"7460\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7517\" data-start=\"7460\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7517\" data-start=\"7462\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7476\" data-start=\"7462\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fine river sand (1–2 mm), 2–3 cm depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7621\" data-start=\"7518\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7621\" data-start=\"7520\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7534\" data-start=\"7520\"\u003eHardscape:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abundant smooth stones and slate, preconditioned to grow diatoms or green spot algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7724\" data-start=\"7622\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7724\" data-start=\"7624\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7640\" data-start=\"7624\"\u003eFlow design:\u003c\/strong\u003e Filter outlets directed toward the substrate and rockwork to maintain circulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7778\" data-start=\"7725\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7778\" data-start=\"7727\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7740\" data-start=\"7727\"\u003eLighting:\u003c\/strong\u003e Moderate intensity, 6–8 hours daily\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7884\" data-start=\"7780\"\u003e💡 Algae-covered stones function as the species’ natural feeding platform and are essential for success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7889\" data-start=\"7886\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7915\" data-start=\"7891\"\u003eVII. Diet and Feeding\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8254\" data-start=\"7917\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7989\" data-start=\"7917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7989\" data-start=\"7919\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7936\" data-start=\"7919\"\u003ePrimary food:\u003c\/strong\u003e Naturally occurring algae films on rocks and glass\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8078\" data-start=\"7990\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8078\" data-start=\"7992\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8016\" data-start=\"7992\"\u003eSupplementary foods:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sinking spirulina wafers, blanched spinach, spirulina paste\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8163\" data-start=\"8079\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8163\" data-start=\"8081\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8091\" data-start=\"8081\"\u003eAvoid:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bloodworms, tubifex, floating pellets, high-protein carnivorous feeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8254\" data-start=\"8164\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8254\" data-start=\"8166\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8188\" data-start=\"8166\"\u003eFeeding frequency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Small amounts every other day; avoid leftover food accumulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"8259\" data-start=\"8256\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"8292\" data-start=\"8261\"\u003eVIII. Tankmate Compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8319\" data-start=\"8294\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8317\" data-start=\"8294\"\u003eSuitable tankmates:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8454\" data-start=\"8320\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8386\" data-start=\"8320\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8386\" data-start=\"8322\"\u003eMid- and upper-water fish: \u003cem data-end=\"8364\" data-start=\"8349\"\u003eOpsariichthys\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem data-end=\"8373\" data-start=\"8366\"\u003eZacco\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem data-end=\"8384\" data-start=\"8375\"\u003eRhodeus\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8454\" data-start=\"8387\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8454\" data-start=\"8389\"\u003eBenthic companions: \u003cem data-end=\"8422\" data-start=\"8409\"\u003eRhinogobius\u003c\/em\u003e spp., small freshwater shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8483\" data-start=\"8456\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8481\" data-start=\"8456\"\u003eUnsuitable tankmates:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8612\" data-start=\"8484\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8527\" data-start=\"8484\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8527\" data-start=\"8486\"\u003eLoricariids and large “cleaner” catfish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8578\" data-start=\"8528\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8578\" data-start=\"8530\"\u003eAggressive species such as bettas and cichlids\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8612\" data-start=\"8579\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8612\" data-start=\"8581\"\u003eHigh-density benthic stocking\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"8617\" data-start=\"8614\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"8655\" data-start=\"8619\"\u003eIX. Legal and Conservation Notice\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"9045\" data-start=\"8657\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8731\" data-start=\"8657\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8731\" data-start=\"8659\"\u003eNot listed under national or provincial protected wildlife regulations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8816\" data-start=\"8732\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8816\" data-start=\"8734\"\u003eWild populations are protected under local fisheries regulations in most regions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8888\" data-start=\"8817\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8888\" data-start=\"8819\"\u003eIllegal collection methods and unlicensed harvesting are prohibited\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8962\" data-start=\"8889\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8962\" data-start=\"8891\"\u003eSupport captive-bred individuals; avoid specimens of uncertain origin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9045\" data-start=\"8963\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9045\" data-start=\"8965\"\u003ePractice ethical field observation: photograph only, do not disturb or collect\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"9050\" data-start=\"9047\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"9065\" data-start=\"9052\"\u003eX. Summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9266\" data-start=\"9067\"\u003eSome aquarists value \u003cem data-end=\"9117\" data-start=\"9088\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fasciatus\u003c\/em\u003e as an efficient algae grazer in hillstream aquaria;\u003cbr data-end=\"9172\" data-start=\"9169\"\u003eothers dedicate entire tanks to observing its slow, deliberate movement across stone surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9479\" data-start=\"9268\"\u003eWhether appreciated for its utility or its beauty, this species deserves thoughtful care—\u003cbr data-end=\"9360\" data-start=\"9357\"\u003enot because it is “useful,” but because it represents an irreplaceable component of China’s mountain stream ecosystems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9660\" data-start=\"9481\"\u003eWith temperatures kept below 28 °C, gentle water circulation, and algae-rich stones,\u003cbr data-end=\"9568\" data-start=\"9565\"\u003eit will remain quietly attached, steadily grazing, and subtly luminous within your aquarium.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46327440408765,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-002_14d0957a-2a8a-4ee3-bc52-557ead05adc0.png?v=1769837309"},{"product_id":"lianjiang-loach-pseudogastromyzon-lianjiangensis-species-profile","title":"Hillstream loach Lianjiang Loach (Pseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis) – Species Profile","description":"\u003ch2 data-end=\"1518\" data-start=\"1440\"\u003eLianjiang Hillstream Loach (\u003cem data-end=\"1497\" data-start=\"1463\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis\u003c\/em\u003e) – Species Profile\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1564\" data-start=\"1520\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1985\" data-start=\"1566\"\u003eThe Lianjiang Loach is a geographically distinctive member of the genus \u003cem data-end=\"1657\" data-start=\"1638\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e. It was formally described in 1981 by Zheng Ci-Ying based on specimens collected from mountain streams of Dananshan, Puning, Guangdong Province, China.\u003cbr data-end=\"1812\" data-start=\"1809\"\u003eNamed after the Lianjiang River system to which it is endemic, this species stands out among native stream fishes for its bright body coloration and strikingly colored fins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1990\" data-start=\"1987\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2034\" data-start=\"1992\"\u003eI. Basic Information (Species Snapshot)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2743\" data-start=\"2036\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2060\" data-start=\"2036\"\u003eChinese common name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 练江拟腹吸鳅\u003cbr data-end=\"2070\" data-start=\"2067\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2094\" data-start=\"2070\"\u003eAquarist trade name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lianjiang Loach\u003cbr data-end=\"2113\" data-start=\"2110\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2133\" data-start=\"2113\"\u003eScientific name:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"2168\" data-start=\"2134\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis\u003c\/em\u003e (Zheng, 1981)\u003cbr data-end=\"2185\" data-start=\"2182\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2196\" data-start=\"2185\"\u003eFamily:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gastromyzontidae\u003cbr data-end=\"2216\" data-start=\"2213\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2226\" data-start=\"2216\"\u003eGenus:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"2246\" data-start=\"2227\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2249\" data-start=\"2246\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2266\" data-start=\"2249\"\u003eNative range:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mountain streams of the Lianjiang River basin, Guangdong Province, China (upper reaches of Puning and Chaoyang)\u003cbr data-end=\"2381\" data-start=\"2378\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2400\" data-start=\"2381\"\u003eMaximum length:\u003c\/strong\u003e Up to 7 cm\u003cbr data-end=\"2414\" data-start=\"2411\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2427\" data-start=\"2414\"\u003eLifespan:\u003c\/strong\u003e Approximately 4–5 years under proper captive care\u003cbr data-end=\"2480\" data-start=\"2477\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2504\" data-start=\"2480\"\u003eConservation status:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chinese endemic species; not listed as a nationally or provincially protected species, but wild populations are subject to general protection under China’s Fisheries Law\u003cbr data-end=\"2677\" data-start=\"2674\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2690\" data-start=\"2677\"\u003eEndemism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Currently known only from the Lianjiang River system\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2850\" data-start=\"2745\"\u003e📌 In international communication, the scientific name \u003cem data-end=\"2834\" data-start=\"2800\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis\u003c\/em\u003e should be used.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2855\" data-start=\"2852\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2896\" data-start=\"2857\"\u003eII. Natural Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2928\" data-start=\"2898\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3047\" data-start=\"2929\"\u003eUpper mountain tributaries of the Lianjiang River basin, including streams in Dananshan (Puning) and western Chaoyang.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3079\" data-start=\"3049\"\u003e2. Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3284\" data-start=\"3080\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3129\" data-start=\"3080\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3129\" data-start=\"3082\"\u003eShaded mountain streams with rocky substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3163\" data-start=\"3130\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3163\" data-start=\"3132\"\u003eGentle to moderate water flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3196\" data-start=\"3164\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3196\" data-start=\"3166\"\u003eClear, well-oxygenated water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3234\" data-start=\"3197\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3234\" data-start=\"3199\"\u003eTemperature: 16–24 °C in the wild\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3250\" data-start=\"3235\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3250\" data-start=\"3237\"\u003epH: 6.8–7.4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3284\" data-start=\"3251\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3284\" data-start=\"3253\"\u003eSoft to moderately soft water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3400\" data-start=\"3286\"\u003eIn captivity, the species can tolerate temperatures up to 28 °C when maintained long-term under stable conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3405\" data-start=\"3402\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3444\" data-start=\"3407\"\u003eIII. Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3548\" data-start=\"3446\"\u003eThe Lianjiang Loach exhibits a vivid yet harmonious coloration uncommon among stream-dwelling loaches:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4207\" data-start=\"3550\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3718\" data-start=\"3550\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3718\" data-start=\"3552\"\u003eThe body displays a warm yellow base color gradually transitioning to orange-red toward the posterior, with the ventral region often showing a stronger reddish hue;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3842\" data-start=\"3719\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3842\" data-start=\"3721\"\u003eSome individuals exhibit a more uniform pale orange or yellow-orange tone, representing normal intraspecific variation;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3962\" data-start=\"3843\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3962\" data-start=\"3845\"\u003eFine, evenly distributed dark spots cover the body from dorsal to ventral surfaces, regular in density and pattern;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4122\" data-start=\"3963\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4122\" data-start=\"3965\"\u003eThe dorsal, pelvic, and caudal fins are predominantly blue, clear and translucent in appearance, forming the most visually striking feature of the species;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4207\" data-start=\"4123\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4207\" data-start=\"4125\"\u003eAll fins are edged with distinct black margins, enhancing contrast and definition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4499\" data-start=\"4209\"\u003e💡 The appeal of \u003cem data-end=\"4245\" data-start=\"4226\"\u003eP. lianjiangensis\u003c\/em\u003e lies not only in its warm yellow-to-orange body coloration, but especially in its clear blue fins, which resemble reflected sky over flowing water. Combined with its evenly distributed spotting, the overall appearance is remarkably balanced and refined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4504\" data-start=\"4501\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4533\" data-start=\"4506\"\u003eIV. Behavior and Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4861\" data-start=\"4535\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4606\" data-start=\"4535\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4606\" data-start=\"4537\"\u003eBenthic species, spending most of the day adhering to rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4650\" data-start=\"4607\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4650\" data-start=\"4609\"\u003eActivity increases during dawn and dusk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4727\" data-start=\"4651\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4727\" data-start=\"4653\"\u003eFeeds primarily by grazing algal films and biofilm from submerged stones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4773\" data-start=\"4728\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4773\" data-start=\"4730\"\u003eNon-aggressive; suitable for small groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4861\" data-start=\"4774\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4861\" data-start=\"4776\"\u003eLocomotion consists of pectoral-fin “crawling” combined with short tail-assisted hops\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4866\" data-start=\"4863\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4900\" data-start=\"4868\"\u003eV. Difficulty and Suitability\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4948\" data-start=\"4902\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4917\" data-start=\"4902\"\u003eCare level:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★☆☆ (moderately demanding)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5103\" data-start=\"4950\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4967\" data-start=\"4950\"\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4970\" data-start=\"4967\"\u003eAquarists with experience in native stream aquaria who can maintain clean substrates, stable water quality, and adequate oxygenation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5215\" data-start=\"5105\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5126\" data-start=\"5105\"\u003eNot suitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5129\" data-start=\"5126\"\u003eBeginners or keepers unable to control water temperature below 28 °C in warm climates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5349\" data-start=\"5217\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5246\" data-start=\"5217\"\u003eCommon causes of failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5249\" data-start=\"5246\"\u003eAccumulated waste in the substrate, stagnant water conditions, and inappropriate high-protein foods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5487\" data-start=\"5351\"\u003e✅ \u003cstrong data-end=\"5377\" data-start=\"5353\"\u003eKey success factors:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5380\" data-start=\"5377\"\u003eWater temperature ≤28 °C, high dissolved oxygen levels, and rocks preconditioned with natural algal growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5492\" data-start=\"5489\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5525\" data-start=\"5494\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Care Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5543\" data-start=\"5527\"\u003e1. Tank Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5716\" data-start=\"5544\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5578\" data-start=\"5544\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5578\" data-start=\"5546\"\u003ePair: 40 cm aquarium (30–40 L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5636\" data-start=\"5579\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5636\" data-start=\"5581\"\u003eSmall group (3–5 individuals): 60 cm aquarium (≈60 L)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5716\" data-start=\"5637\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5716\" data-start=\"5639\"\u003eCan be kept with mid- and upper-water species to fully utilize vertical space\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5741\" data-start=\"5718\"\u003e2. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"5975\" data-start=\"5743\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"5776\" data-start=\"5743\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5776\" data-start=\"5743\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5755\" data-start=\"5743\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5776\" data-start=\"5755\"\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"5975\" data-start=\"5808\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5858\" data-start=\"5808\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5822\" data-start=\"5808\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5858\" data-start=\"5822\"\u003e16–28 °C (long-term upper limit)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5875\" data-start=\"5859\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5864\" data-start=\"5859\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5875\" data-start=\"5864\"\u003e6.5–7.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5892\" data-start=\"5876\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5881\" data-start=\"5876\"\u003eGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5892\" data-start=\"5881\"\u003e3–8 dGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5923\" data-start=\"5893\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5912\" data-start=\"5893\"\u003eDissolved oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5923\" data-start=\"5912\"\u003e\u0026gt;6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"5975\" data-start=\"5924\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5931\" data-start=\"5924\"\u003eFlow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"5975\" data-start=\"5931\"\u003eGentle to moderate; avoid stagnant zones\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5995\" data-start=\"5977\"\u003e3. Aquascaping\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6288\" data-start=\"5996\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"5996\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"5998\"\u003eSubstrate: fine river sand (1–2 mm), 2–3 cm depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6123\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6123\" data-start=\"6052\"\u003eHardscape: abundant smooth stones or slate, preconditioned with algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6198\" data-start=\"6124\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6198\" data-start=\"6126\"\u003eLighting: moderate intensity, 6–8 hours daily to promote diatom growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6288\" data-start=\"6199\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6288\" data-start=\"6201\"\u003eFiltration output directed toward the substrate to maintain circulation and oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6393\" data-start=\"6290\"\u003e💡 Algae-covered stones function as a natural feeding platform and are essential for long-term success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6398\" data-start=\"6395\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6424\" data-start=\"6400\"\u003eVII. Diet and Feeding\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6736\" data-start=\"6426\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6488\" data-start=\"6426\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6488\" data-start=\"6428\"\u003ePrimary food: naturally occurring algal and biofilm growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6572\" data-start=\"6489\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6572\" data-start=\"6491\"\u003eSupplemental foods: sinking spirulina wafers, blanched spinach, spirulina paste\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6654\" data-start=\"6573\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6654\" data-start=\"6575\"\u003eAvoid: bloodworms, red worms, floating pellets, and high-protein animal foods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6736\" data-start=\"6655\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6736\" data-start=\"6657\"\u003eFeeding frequency: small amounts every other day to prevent substrate pollution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6741\" data-start=\"6738\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6775\" data-start=\"6743\"\u003eVIII. Community Compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6946\" data-start=\"6777\"\u003e✅ Compatible with peaceful mid- and upper-water species\u003cbr data-end=\"6835\" data-start=\"6832\"\u003e❌ Avoid cohabitation with aggressive bottom dwellers, food competitors, or species requiring high-protein diets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6951\" data-start=\"6948\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6988\" data-start=\"6953\"\u003eIX. Legal and Conservation Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7371\" data-start=\"6990\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7055\" data-start=\"6990\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7055\" data-start=\"6992\"\u003eNot listed under China’s National Key Protected Wildlife List\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7101\" data-start=\"7056\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7101\" data-start=\"7058\"\u003eEndemic to a very limited drainage system\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7223\" data-start=\"7102\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7223\" data-start=\"7104\"\u003eWild populations are generally protected under the Fisheries Law, with unlicensed collection prohibited in many areas\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7274\" data-start=\"7224\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7274\" data-start=\"7226\"\u003eCaptive-bred individuals should be prioritized\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7371\" data-start=\"7275\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7371\" data-start=\"7277\"\u003eField observation should follow ethical principles: observe and photograph without disturbance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7376\" data-start=\"7373\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7391\" data-start=\"7378\"\u003eX. Summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7558\" data-start=\"7393\"\u003eThe beauty of the Lianjiang Loach lies in the contrast of colors:\u003cbr data-end=\"7461\" data-start=\"7458\"\u003ea warm yellow-to-orange body, vivid yet gentle,\u003cbr data-end=\"7511\" data-start=\"7508\"\u003epaired with blue fins of exceptional clarity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7688\" data-start=\"7560\"\u003eIts evenly distributed spotting adds balance rather than excess,\u003cbr data-end=\"7627\" data-start=\"7624\"\u003eresulting in an appearance that feels precise and complete.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7844\" data-start=\"7690\"\u003eSome keep it as an effective grazer of natural algae;\u003cbr data-end=\"7746\" data-start=\"7743\"\u003eothers dedicate an entire aquarium to preserve the colors of a southern Chinese mountain stream.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8041\" data-start=\"7846\"\u003eWith water temperatures kept below 28 °C, gentle flow, and algae-covered stones,\u003cbr data-end=\"7929\" data-start=\"7926\"\u003ethis species will cling steadily to the rocks, graze calmly,\u003cbr data-end=\"7992\" data-start=\"7989\"\u003eand display its quiet brilliance in the aquarium.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46327440474301,"sku":null,"price":999.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-002_ac7a4cd3-45de-49da-9d31-b0f462de309f.png?v=1769836728"},{"product_id":"beaufortia-pingi-species-profile","title":"Beaufortia pingi — Species Profile","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBeaufortia pingi — Species Profile\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeaufortia pingi is a refined and understated native loach from the mountain streams of southwestern China.\u003cbr\u003eA soft band of emerald green crosses the mid-body, framed by dark vertical markings at the head and tail, while tiger-like stripes seal its silhouette at the caudal peduncle.\u003cbr\u003eOften mistaken for the “Green Zebra Loach,” the true Bing’s Hillstream Loach is defined by a unique pattern: \u003cstrong\u003edark above, dark below, and a single band of green across the center\u003c\/strong\u003e — a living piece of stream camouflage resting quietly on stone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Basic Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommon Name\u003c\/strong\u003e: Bing’s \u003cstrong\u003eHillstream Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChinese Name\u003c\/strong\u003e: 秉氏爬岩鳅\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScientific Name\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003eBeaufortia pingi\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamily\u003c\/strong\u003e: Balitoridae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGenus\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003eBeaufortia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative Range\u003c\/strong\u003e: Mountain streams along the Yunnan–Guangxi border, China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaximum Length\u003c\/strong\u003e: 6–7 cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLifespan\u003c\/strong\u003e: 4–5 years under proper care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConservation Status\u003c\/strong\u003e: Chinese endemic species; generally protected under fisheries regulations due to strict water quality requirements\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eII. Natural Habitat\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eForest-shaded mountain brooks and hillside streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSubstrate of smooth bedrock, slate, and rounded stones, free of silt\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWater temperature: 16–24°C (short-term summer tolerance up to 26°C)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal-clear water with consistently high dissolved oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epH 6.5–7.2; soft to moderately soft water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e👉 This species is a strict indicator of clean, oxygen-rich stream ecosystems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIII. Morphology and Identification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pectoral and pelvic fins are modified into powerful suction discs, allowing the fish to anchor firmly to rock surfaces in flowing water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey diagnostic pattern features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBase coloration grey-white to pale yellow-brown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBody covered with vertical black bands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA wide emerald to blue-green zone across the mid-body\u003c\/strong\u003e, extending over one-third of total length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis green band interrupts the black striping pattern at the center of the body\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHead and anterior region retain broken black vertical bars\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDorsal and ventral margins continue black striping above and below the green zone\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTail region shows 4–6 bold, continuous black vertical bars\u003c\/strong\u003e, the most stable identifying feature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFin characteristics (critical identification point):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins edged with \u003cstrong\u003epure white translucent margins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo blue or blue-white gradient present\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe white edging provides high contrast against dark stone backgrounds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll black markings are solid pigment bands; pale regions represent the true ground color.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eDistinction from the “Green Zebra” Hillstream Loach\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTrait\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003cem\u003eBeaufortia pingi\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e“Green Zebra” type\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGrey-white \/ pale brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUniform green or blue-green\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStripe color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBlack\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWhite\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStripe continuity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInterrupted at mid-body\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContinuous throughout\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBody pattern\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCentral green band divides pattern\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo interruption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisual impression\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGrey base + black bands + one green band\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGreen base + white stripes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIV. Temperament and Behavior\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrictly benthic and stone-attached lifestyle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMostly inactive during bright daylight; activity increases at dawn and dusk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary feeding by grazing algae and biofilm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompletely non-aggressive; suitable for group keeping\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLocomotion by fin-assisted crawling and short tail hops\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e💡 An excellent biological indicator of water quality and ecological stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eV. Care Difficulty and Suitable Keepers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCare Level\u003c\/strong\u003e: ★★★☆☆ (Moderately demanding)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBest suited for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAquarists experienced with hillstream or cold-water systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeepers able to maintain temperatures below 28°C long term\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSetups providing strong oxygenation and clean substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeginners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWarm-climate tanks without temperature control\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary causes of failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChronic high temperature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrganic accumulation in substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInsufficient flow or oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInappropriate high-protein feeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e✅ Success formula:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature ≤28°C + High oxygen + Pre-algae-conditioned stones\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVI. Aquarium Care Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e1. Tank Size\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle or pair: 40 cm tank minimum\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSmall group (3–5): 60 cm or larger preferred\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePriority on bottom area and stone surface rather than depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e2. Water Parameters\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16–28°C (long-term safe maximum)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.5–7.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3–8 dGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDissolved Oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFlow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGentle to moderate, no stagnant zones\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e3. Tank Setup\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/strong\u003e: Fine river sand (1–2 mm), 2–3 cm depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardscape\u003c\/strong\u003e: Extensive smooth rocks and slate, pre-conditioned with algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLighting\u003c\/strong\u003e: Moderate intensity, 6–8 hours daily\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlow\u003c\/strong\u003e: Directional outlets toward bottom to form slow circulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e💡 Algae-covered stones = permanent natural feeding stations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVII. Diet and Feeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary diet\u003c\/strong\u003e: Natural biofilm and algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary foods:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSinking spirulina wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpirulina paste\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlanched spinach (pesticide-free)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvoid:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBloodworms and tubifex\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-protein carnivorous feeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFloating pellets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeeding frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e: Small amounts every other day\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVIII. Tankmate Principles\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBing’s Hillstream Loach is a peaceful benthic species with no territorial aggression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompatibility principles:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar temperature and water requirements\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo competition for rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNon-aggressive behavior\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e👉 In properly designed hillstream aquaria, it can be combined freely with most gentle stream species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIX. Conservation and Ethics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNarrow-range endemic species of southwestern China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtremely sensitive to pollution and oxygen depletion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eListed as generally protected under Chinese fisheries law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoose responsibly sourced individuals and avoid wild-caught specimens.\u003cbr\u003eField observation should follow the principle: \u003cem\u003eobserve, photograph, and leave undisturbed\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eX. Summary\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe beauty of \u003cem\u003eBeaufortia pingi\u003c\/em\u003e lies in ordered contrast:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrey stone-toned body traced with ink-black bands,\u003cbr\u003eA single emerald ribbon across the flank,\u003cbr\u003eAnd a tiger-striped tail sealing its signature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt does not dazzle. It endures.\u003cbr\u003eAnchored to stone, grazing quietly,\u003cbr\u003ePreserving the rhythm of a mountain stream\u003cbr\u003eWithin the glass walls of an aquarium.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46329899647165,"sku":null,"price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-015_51865bdb-27ab-4521-873a-27a745b4d173.png?v=1769835909"},{"product_id":"fangs-hillstream-loach-pseudogastromyzon-fangi","title":"Fangi Hillstream Loach - Pseudogastromyzon fangi","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"832\"\u003eI. \u003cspan\u003ePseudogastromyzon fangi\u003c\/span\u003e (Species Overview)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"1107\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"851\"\u003eChinese Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 方氏拟腹吸鳅\u003cbr data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"861\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"881\"\u003eScientific Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"907\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fangi\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"907\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"910\" data-end=\"929\"\u003eFamily \/ Genus:\u003c\/strong\u003e Balitoridae · \u003cem data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"963\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"963\" data-end=\"966\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"983\"\u003eNative Range:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"983\" data-end=\"986\"\u003eZhejiang Province (Oujiang \u0026amp; Feiyun River systems), Pearl River basin, upper Xiang River of the Yangtze drainage, China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1348\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1128\"\u003eMaximum Length:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7–9 cm (one of the larger species within the genus)\u003cbr data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1183\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1196\"\u003eLifespan:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4–5 years under proper captive care\u003cbr data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1235\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003eConservation Status:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1262\"\u003eChinese endemic species, protected under general provisions of China’s Fisheries Law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1441\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1363\"\u003eEndemism:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1366\"\u003eRestricted to the above river systems; no confirmed records outside China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1589\"\u003e📌 \u003cem data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1453\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/em\u003e Due to its relatively large body size among hillstream loaches, sufficient rock surface area is more important than total water volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1591\" data-end=\"1594\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1642\"\u003eII. Natural Distribution and Native Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1644\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1747\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1747\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1702\"\u003eEastern populations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Oujiang and Feiyun River systems, Zhejiang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1833\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1833\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1775\"\u003eSouthern populations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pearl River drainage (Beijiang \u0026amp; Dongjiang tributaries)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1834\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1860\"\u003eWestern populations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upper Xiang River and its tributaries (Yangtze system)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"2013\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1935\"\u003eAbsent from:\u003c\/strong\u003e Min River (Fujian), Red River (Yunnan), and other common hillstream regions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2015\" data-end=\"2018\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2020\" data-end=\"2057\"\u003e2. Native Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2111\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2111\"\u003eAltitude: 100–800 m (occasionally up to 1,200 m)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2112\" data-end=\"2176\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2114\" data-end=\"2176\"\u003eEnvironment: Mountain brooks and fast-flowing forest streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2177\" data-end=\"2222\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2179\" data-end=\"2222\"\u003eSubstrate: Smooth cobbles, slate, bedrock\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2253\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2225\" data-end=\"2253\"\u003eWater temperature: 16–24°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2254\" data-end=\"2269\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2269\"\u003epH: 6.5–7.3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2270\" data-end=\"2299\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2272\" data-end=\"2299\"\u003eDissolved oxygen: \u0026gt;7 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2300\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2302\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003eWater clarity: Very high\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2330\" data-end=\"2431\"\u003eArtificial systems can tolerate long-term temperatures up to \u003cstrong data-start=\"2391\" data-end=\"2399\"\u003e28°C\u003c\/strong\u003e when oxygenation is sufficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2436\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2465\"\u003eIII. External Morphology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2609\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2492\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fangi\u003c\/em\u003e possesses a cylindrical body with a straight dorsal profile, highly adapted for clinging to stones in fast currents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2629\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2629\"\u003eColor Pattern:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2631\" data-end=\"3008\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2631\" data-end=\"2671\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2633\" data-end=\"2671\"\u003eBase color: Pale grey to light brown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2672\" data-end=\"2739\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2739\"\u003eHead to pectoral-fin base: Densely covered with fine dark spots\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2740\" data-end=\"2795\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2795\"\u003eMidbody to caudal peduncle: 6–9 vertical dark bands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2863\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2798\" data-end=\"2863\"\u003eAnterior bands thin and dark; posterior bands broader and paler\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"2954\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2954\"\u003eBands often incomplete, fragmented, or expanding into irregular blotches near the tail\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2955\" data-end=\"3008\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2957\" data-end=\"3008\"\u003eDorsal and caudal fin margins carry fine spotting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3010\" data-end=\"3013\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3040\"\u003eFunctional Structures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3042\" data-end=\"3257\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3042\" data-end=\"3158\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3044\" data-end=\"3158\"\u003eLower lip modified into a \u003cstrong data-start=\"3070\" data-end=\"3099\"\u003ethree-lobed adhesive disc\u003c\/strong\u003e (central lobe + two lateral lobes) for strong attachment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3159\" data-end=\"3257\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3257\"\u003eMature males develop \u003cstrong data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3207\"\u003ekeratinized tubercles\u003c\/strong\u003e on the snout, especially during breeding season\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3259\" data-end=\"3262\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3264\" data-end=\"3295\"\u003eIV. Temperament and Behavior\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3297\" data-end=\"3564\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3297\" data-end=\"3353\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3299\" data-end=\"3353\"\u003eStrictly benthic, resting in crevices during daytime\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3386\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3356\" data-end=\"3386\"\u003eMost active at dawn and dusk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3387\" data-end=\"3448\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3389\" data-end=\"3448\"\u003eMoves slowly while grazing, “walking” using pectoral fins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3498\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3451\" data-end=\"3498\"\u003eExtremely peaceful; suitable for small groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3499\" data-end=\"3564\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3501\" data-end=\"3564\"\u003eCapable of maintaining firm attachment even in strong current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3569\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3592\"\u003eV. Feeding Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3610\"\u003eNatural Diet\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3705\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3647\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3614\" data-end=\"3647\"\u003eDiatoms and green algae biofilm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3673\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3650\" data-end=\"3673\"\u003eAquatic insect larvae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3674\" data-end=\"3705\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3676\" data-end=\"3705\"\u003eSmall benthic invertebrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3789\"\u003eNot a strict herbivore — but excessive protein often leads to digestive disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3791\" data-end=\"3846\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3791\" data-end=\"3846\"\u003eExcellent natural algae grazer and biofilm cleaner.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3851\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3853\" data-end=\"3902\"\u003eVI. Reproductive Notes (Observed in Captivity)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3904\" data-end=\"4198\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3904\" data-end=\"3976\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3906\" data-end=\"3976\"\u003eBreeding season: April to June (water temperature stable above 22°C)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3977\" data-end=\"4038\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3979\" data-end=\"4038\"\u003eCourtship: Males vibrate pectoral fins to attract females\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4039\" data-end=\"4122\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4041\" data-end=\"4122\"\u003eSpawning: Adhesive eggs deposited on undersides of stones or in narrow crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4123\" data-end=\"4177\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4125\" data-end=\"4177\"\u003eIncubation: Requires flowing water for oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4198\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4198\"\u003eNo parental care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4200\" data-end=\"4316\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4200\" data-end=\"4224\"\u003eBreeding difficulty:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★★☆ (High)\u003cbr data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4240\"\u003eRequires simulated current, clean substrate, and suitable spawning surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4318\" data-end=\"4321\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4323\" data-end=\"4367\"\u003eVII. Care Difficulty and Suitable Keepers\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4369\" data-end=\"4413\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4369\" data-end=\"4384\"\u003eCare Level:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★☆☆ (Moderate to advanced)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4415\" data-end=\"4437\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4415\" data-end=\"4435\"\u003eRecommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4545\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4475\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4440\" data-end=\"4475\"\u003eExperienced stream-tank aquarists\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4476\" data-end=\"4545\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4478\" data-end=\"4545\"\u003eKeepers able to maintain clean substrate and stable water quality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4547\" data-end=\"4570\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4547\" data-end=\"4568\"\u003eNot suitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4635\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4584\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4573\" data-end=\"4584\"\u003eBeginners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4585\" data-end=\"4635\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4635\"\u003eWarm-water systems without temperature control\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4637\" data-end=\"4747\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4637\" data-end=\"4667\"\u003ePrimary causes of failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"4667\" data-end=\"4670\"\u003eOrganic buildup in substrate, stagnant flow, excessive high-protein feeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4749\" data-end=\"4833\"\u003e✅ Success formula:\u003cbr data-start=\"4767\" data-end=\"4770\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4770\" data-end=\"4833\"\u003eTemperature ≤28°C + High oxygen + Pre-grown algae on stones\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"4838\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4840\" data-end=\"4873\"\u003eVIII. Aquarium Care Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4875\" data-end=\"4895\"\u003e1. Aquarium Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4897\" data-end=\"5019\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4897\" data-end=\"4963\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4899\" data-end=\"4963\"\u003eSmall group (2–6 individuals): 40 cm tank (30–40 L) sufficient\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4964\" data-end=\"5019\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4966\" data-end=\"5019\"\u003eLarger groups (≤20): 60 cm tank (≈60 L) recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5021\" data-end=\"5098\"\u003eCan be mixed with peaceful mid–upper layer fish to fully utilize water space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5100\" data-end=\"5103\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"5105\" data-end=\"5128\"\u003e2. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"5130\" data-end=\"5369\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"5130\" data-end=\"5163\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5130\" data-end=\"5163\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5130\" data-end=\"5142\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5142\" data-end=\"5163\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5369\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5250\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5210\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5210\" data-end=\"5250\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e16–28°C (long-term safe upper limit)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5251\" data-end=\"5269\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5251\" data-end=\"5256\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5256\" data-end=\"5269\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e6.5 – 7.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5270\" data-end=\"5288\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5270\" data-end=\"5275\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5275\" data-end=\"5288\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e3 – 8 dGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5289\" data-end=\"5320\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5289\" data-end=\"5308\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eDissolved Oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5308\" data-end=\"5320\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u0026gt; 6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5321\" data-end=\"5369\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5321\" data-end=\"5328\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eFlow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5328\" data-end=\"5369\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eGentle to moderate, no stagnant zones\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5371\" data-end=\"5374\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"5376\" data-end=\"5393\"\u003e3. Tank Setup\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5395\" data-end=\"5452\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5395\" data-end=\"5409\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5409\" data-end=\"5412\"\u003eFine river sand (1–2 mm), 2–3 cm depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5589\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5468\"\u003eHardscape:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5468\" data-end=\"5471\"\u003eLarge quantities of smooth river stones, slate, or shale\u003cbr data-start=\"5527\" data-end=\"5530\"\u003eStones should be pre-conditioned with algae for 2–4 weeks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5591\" data-end=\"5669\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5591\" data-end=\"5604\"\u003eLighting:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5604\" data-end=\"5607\"\u003eModerate intensity, 6–8 hours daily to promote diatom growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5671\" data-end=\"5793\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5671\" data-end=\"5693\"\u003eFiltration \u0026amp; Flow:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5693\" data-end=\"5696\"\u003eOutlet directed along the substrate to create gentle circulation and prevent waste accumulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5795\" data-end=\"5872\"\u003e💡 \u003cem data-start=\"5798\" data-end=\"5872\"\u003eAlgae-covered stones = natural feeding stations and long-term stability.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5874\" data-end=\"5877\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"5879\" data-end=\"5906\"\u003eIX. Feeding in Captivity\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5908\" data-end=\"5957\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5908\" data-end=\"5925\"\u003ePrimary food:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5925\" data-end=\"5928\"\u003eNatural algae biofilm (ideal)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"5985\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"5983\"\u003eSupplementary foods:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5986\" data-end=\"6055\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5986\" data-end=\"6014\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5988\" data-end=\"6014\"\u003eSinking spirulina wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6015\" data-end=\"6035\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6017\" data-end=\"6035\"\u003eBlanched spinach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6036\" data-end=\"6055\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6038\" data-end=\"6055\"\u003eSpirulina paste\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6057\" data-end=\"6158\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"6057\" data-end=\"6079\"\u003eOccasional treats:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6082\"\u003eMicro-worms, finely chopped bloodworms (≤ once per week, very small amounts)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6228\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6170\"\u003eAvoid:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"6170\" data-end=\"6173\"\u003eFloating pellets, high-fat foods, dry carnivore feeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6304\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6252\"\u003eFeeding frequency:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"6252\" data-end=\"6255\"\u003eEvery other day; amount consumed within 2 hours\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"6306\" data-end=\"6309\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"6311\" data-end=\"6353\"\u003eX. Compatibility and Conservation Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6377\"\u003eSuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"6379\" data-end=\"6519\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6379\" data-end=\"6458\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6458\"\u003ePeaceful mid–upper layer fish (White Cloud Mountain Minnows, danios, barbs)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6459\" data-end=\"6519\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6461\" data-end=\"6519\"\u003eAdult ornamental shrimp — no competition, no disturbance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"6521\" data-end=\"6543\"\u003eAvoid Keeping With\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"6545\" data-end=\"6702\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6545\" data-end=\"6610\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6547\" data-end=\"6610\"\u003ePlecos and large suckermouth catfish (competition and stress)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6611\" data-end=\"6669\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6613\" data-end=\"6669\"\u003eAggressive species (bettas, cichlids, large cyprinids)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6670\" data-end=\"6702\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6672\" data-end=\"6702\"\u003eHigh-density bottom dwellers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6707\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"6709\" data-end=\"6734\"\u003eConservation Reminder\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"6736\" data-end=\"6875\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6736\" data-end=\"6788\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6738\" data-end=\"6788\"\u003eEndemic Chinese species with narrow distribution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6789\" data-end=\"6832\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6791\" data-end=\"6832\"\u003eWild populations sensitive to pollution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6833\" data-end=\"6875\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6835\" data-end=\"6875\"\u003eCollection regulated under Chinese law\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"7017\"\u003e👉 Prefer captive-bred specimens\u003cbr data-start=\"6909\" data-end=\"6912\"\u003e👉 Reject wild-caught fish of unclear origin\u003cbr data-start=\"6956\" data-end=\"6959\"\u003e👉 Observe responsibly — photograph only, do not disturb\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"7019\" data-end=\"7022\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"7024\" data-end=\"7038\"\u003eXI. Summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7040\" data-end=\"7286\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"7040\" data-end=\"7065\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon fangi\u003c\/em\u003e is a large, beautifully patterned endemic hillstream loach.\u003cbr data-start=\"7125\" data-end=\"7128\"\u003eIts dense head spotting transitions naturally into vertical body bands, with males bearing snout tubercles and a highly specialized three-lobed adhesive disc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7288\" data-end=\"7442\"\u003eIt does not require massive aquaria —\u003cbr data-start=\"7325\" data-end=\"7328\"\u003eA 40 cm tank supports small groups comfortably, while a 60 cm system accommodates up to ten individuals with ease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7444\" data-end=\"7529\"\u003eWith clean flowing water, algae-covered stones, and moderate temperature, it becomes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"7531\" data-end=\"7665\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"7531\" data-end=\"7569\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7533\" data-end=\"7569\"\u003eA silent guardian of water quality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"7570\" data-end=\"7611\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7572\" data-end=\"7611\"\u003eAn efficient natural algae controller\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"7612\" data-end=\"7665\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7614\" data-end=\"7665\"\u003eA refined centerpiece for advanced stream aquaria\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46330156220605,"sku":null,"price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/1-_____-___-20260117000805_3d20e353-59b6-4edf-bd5a-4aae88e5f2c3.jpg?v=1769835763"},{"product_id":"guizhou-hillstream-loach-beaufortia-kweichowensis","title":"Guizhou Hillstream Loach (Beaufortia kweichowensis)","description":"\u003ch2 data-end=\"832\" data-start=\"790\"\u003eSpecies Overview (Beaufortia kweichowensis)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"192\" data-start=\"169\"\u003eI. Basic Information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"851\"\u003eChinese Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 贵州爬岩鳅\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"239\" data-start=\"194\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"239\" data-start=\"196\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"212\" data-start=\"196\"\u003eCommon Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Guizhou Hillstream Loach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"291\" data-start=\"240\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"291\" data-start=\"242\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"262\" data-start=\"242\"\u003eScientific Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"289\" data-start=\"263\"\u003eBeaufortia kweichowensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"342\" data-start=\"292\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"342\" data-start=\"294\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\"qk-md-strong complete\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"qk-md-text complete\" data-spm-anchor-id=\"5176.28103460.0.i247.455e6308qzyQ25\"\u003eFamily \/ Genus: Gastromyzontidae · Beaufortia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"408\" data-start=\"343\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"408\" data-start=\"345\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"362\" data-start=\"345\"\u003eNative Range:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mountain streams of Guizhou Province, China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"435\" data-start=\"409\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"435\" data-start=\"411\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"426\" data-start=\"411\"\u003eAdult Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6–7 cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"626\" data-start=\"436\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"626\" data-start=\"438\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"456\" data-start=\"438\"\u003eMarket Status:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"459\" data-start=\"456\"\u003eThe most common and widely traded hillstream loach. Artificial breeding is stable. Three color forms are currently available: wild-type, red morph, and yellow morph.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"631\" data-start=\"628\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"655\" data-start=\"633\"\u003eII. Natural Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"946\" data-start=\"657\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"724\" data-start=\"657\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"724\" data-start=\"659\"\u003eInhabits clear mountain streams with moderate to strong current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"795\" data-start=\"725\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"795\" data-start=\"727\"\u003eSubstrate composed of smooth stones and slate, without mud or silt\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"826\" data-start=\"796\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"826\" data-start=\"798\"\u003eWater temperature: 16–24°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"880\" data-start=\"827\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"880\" data-start=\"829\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen and excellent water clarity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"946\" data-start=\"881\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"946\" data-start=\"883\"\u003eFeeds exclusively on natural biofilm growing on rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"951\" data-start=\"948\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"990\" data-start=\"953\"\u003eIII. Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1580\" data-start=\"992\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1091\" data-start=\"992\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1091\" data-start=\"994\"\u003eBody cylindrical, anterior portion flattened ventrally, posterior slightly laterally compressed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1162\" data-start=\"1092\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1162\" data-start=\"1094\"\u003eBase coloration grey-brown to dark brown, ventral side pale yellow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1279\" data-start=\"1163\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1279\" data-start=\"1165\"\u003eHead and dorsal surface densely covered with fine, evenly distributed dark round spots, without transverse bands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1412\" data-start=\"1280\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1412\" data-start=\"1282\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1373\" data-start=\"1282\"\u003ePectoral and pelvic fins with distinct white outer margins and a sharp black inner line\u003c\/strong\u003e — the most stable diagnostic feature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1501\" data-start=\"1413\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1501\" data-start=\"1415\"\u003eDorsal and caudal fins marked with rows of black spots forming longitudinal patterns\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1580\" data-start=\"1502\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1580\" data-start=\"1504\"\u003eAdult males develop small keratinized tubercles on both sides of the snout\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1600\" data-start=\"1582\"\u003eColor Variants\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"1970\" data-start=\"1602\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"1653\" data-start=\"1602\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1653\" data-start=\"1602\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1609\" data-start=\"1602\"\u003eType\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1622\" data-start=\"1609\"\u003eBody Color\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1630\" data-start=\"1622\"\u003eSpots\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1653\" data-start=\"1630\"\u003eFin Characteristics\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"1970\" data-start=\"1705\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1800\" data-start=\"1705\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1717\" data-start=\"1705\"\u003eWild type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1738\" data-start=\"1717\"\u003eGrey-brown \/ brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1756\" data-start=\"1738\"\u003eDense and clear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"1800\" data-start=\"1756\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eWhite margin + black inner line distinct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1884\" data-start=\"1801\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1813\" data-start=\"1801\"\u003eRed morph\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1838\" data-start=\"1813\"\u003eOrange-red to deep red\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1846\" data-start=\"1838\"\u003eFaded\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1884\" data-start=\"1846\"\u003eWhite margin + black line retained\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1970\" data-start=\"1885\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1900\" data-start=\"1885\"\u003eYellow morph\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1931\" data-start=\"1900\"\u003eGolden yellow to pale yellow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1947\" data-start=\"1931\"\u003eFew or absent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1970\" data-start=\"1947\"\u003eStructure unchanged\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2038\" data-start=\"1972\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2038\" data-start=\"1972\"\u003eAll forms lack blue fins, green patches, and transverse bands.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2043\" data-start=\"2040\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2076\" data-start=\"2045\"\u003eIV. Behavior and Temperament\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2424\" data-start=\"2078\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2150\" data-start=\"2078\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2150\" data-start=\"2080\"\u003eRemains attached to rock surfaces throughout the day, slowly grazing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2226\" data-start=\"2151\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2226\" data-start=\"2153\"\u003eSlightly more active at dawn and dusk; mostly stationary during daytime\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2330\" data-start=\"2227\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2330\" data-start=\"2229\"\u003eNon-aggressive and highly tolerant of conspecifics when sufficient attachment surfaces are provided\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2424\" data-start=\"2331\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2424\" data-start=\"2333\"\u003eLocomotion is performed by “crawling” with the pectoral fins; rarely leaves the substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2429\" data-start=\"2426\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2452\" data-start=\"2431\"\u003eV. Feeding Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2798\" data-start=\"2454\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2551\" data-start=\"2454\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2551\" data-start=\"2456\"\u003eSpecialized grazer of epilithic algae, including diatoms, green film algae, and brown biofilm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2654\" data-start=\"2552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2654\" data-start=\"2554\"\u003eIn mature hillstream aquaria, continuous algal growth eliminates the need for supplemental feeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2716\" data-start=\"2655\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2716\" data-start=\"2657\"\u003eWhen biofilm is abundant, feeding is entirely unnecessary\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2798\" data-start=\"2717\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2798\" data-start=\"2719\"\u003eRefuses bloodworms, tubifex, pellets, and all high-protein animal-based foods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2880\" data-start=\"2800\"\u003e📌 \u003cem data-end=\"2880\" data-start=\"2803\"\u003eThis is not a fish that requires feeding — it is a functional algae grazer.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2885\" data-start=\"2882\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2932\" data-start=\"2887\"\u003eVI. Reproduction (Artificial Observations)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"2934\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2978\" data-start=\"2934\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2978\" data-start=\"2936\"\u003eBreeding season: April to July (22–25°C)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3060\" data-start=\"2979\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3060\" data-start=\"2981\"\u003eEggs are deposited on the underside of stones or in crevices and are adhesive\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3061\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3063\"\u003eFry begin grazing microalgae immediately after yolk absorption\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3132\" data-start=\"3129\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3162\" data-start=\"3134\"\u003eVII. Husbandry Difficulty\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3237\" data-start=\"3164\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3237\" data-start=\"3164\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3237\" data-start=\"3166\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3188\" data-start=\"3166\"\u003eDifficulty Rating:\u003c\/strong\u003e ★★★☆☆ (relatively easy among hillstream loaches)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3262\" data-start=\"3239\"\u003eKey Success Factors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3425\" data-start=\"3263\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3331\" data-start=\"3263\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3331\" data-start=\"3265\"\u003eWater temperature ≤28°C (heat is the primary cause of mortality)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3376\" data-start=\"3332\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3376\" data-start=\"3334\"\u003eStrong current and high dissolved oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3425\" data-start=\"3377\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3425\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003eClean substrate without organic accumulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3456\" data-start=\"3427\"\u003ePrimary Causes of Failure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3567\" data-start=\"3457\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3477\" data-start=\"3457\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3477\" data-start=\"3459\"\u003eHigh temperature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3496\" data-start=\"3478\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3496\" data-start=\"3480\"\u003eStagnant water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3522\" data-start=\"3497\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3522\" data-start=\"3499\"\u003eThick muddy substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3567\" data-start=\"3523\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3567\" data-start=\"3525\"\u003eImproper feeding with high-protein diets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3572\" data-start=\"3569\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3612\" data-start=\"3574\"\u003eVIII. Aquarium Care Recommendations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3651\" data-start=\"3614\"\u003e1. Tank Size and Stocking Density\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3738\" data-start=\"3653\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3694\" data-start=\"3653\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3694\" data-start=\"3655\"\u003e40 cm tank (30–40 L): 2–6 individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3738\" data-start=\"3695\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3738\" data-start=\"3697\"\u003e60 cm tank (60 L): up to 20 individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3812\" data-start=\"3740\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"3812\" data-start=\"3740\"\u003eCondition: sufficient smooth rock surfaces for attachment and grazing.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3817\" data-start=\"3814\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3851\" data-start=\"3819\"\u003e2. Water Parameters and Flow\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"4076\" data-start=\"3853\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"3886\" data-start=\"3853\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3886\" data-start=\"3853\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3865\" data-start=\"3853\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3886\" data-start=\"3865\"\u003eRecommended Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"4076\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3964\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3935\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3964\" data-start=\"3935\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e16–28°C (long-term ≤28°C)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3981\" data-start=\"3965\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3970\" data-start=\"3965\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3981\" data-start=\"3970\"\u003e6.5–7.8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4012\" data-start=\"3982\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4001\" data-start=\"3982\"\u003eDissolved Oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4012\" data-start=\"4001\"\u003e\u0026gt;5 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4076\" data-start=\"4013\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4020\" data-start=\"4013\"\u003eFlow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4076\" data-start=\"4020\"\u003eContinuous gentle to moderate current, no dead zones\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4081\" data-start=\"4078\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4117\" data-start=\"4083\"\u003e3. Aquascaping and Maintenance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4560\" data-start=\"4119\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4175\" data-start=\"4119\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4175\" data-start=\"4121\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4135\" data-start=\"4121\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e fine river sand (1–2 mm), depth ≤2 cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4265\" data-start=\"4176\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4265\" data-start=\"4178\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4192\" data-start=\"4178\"\u003eHardscape:\u003c\/strong\u003e abundant smooth stones, slate, or flagstone (primary grazing surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4345\" data-start=\"4266\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4345\" data-start=\"4268\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4281\" data-start=\"4268\"\u003eLighting:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8–10 hours daily (high light encourages natural algal growth)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4440\" data-start=\"4346\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4440\" data-start=\"4348\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4363\" data-start=\"4348\"\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e hang-on filters, waterfall filters, or small circulation pumps recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4560\" data-start=\"4441\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4560\" data-start=\"4443\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4459\" data-start=\"4443\"\u003eMaintenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e remove algae from glass and equipment, but preserve biofilm on stones — this is the feeding ground\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4689\" data-start=\"4562\"\u003e💡 \u003cem data-end=\"4689\" data-start=\"4565\"\u003eIn a healthy hillstream aquarium, algae are not a problem but a resource — this species exists precisely for that purpose.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4694\" data-start=\"4691\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4721\" data-start=\"4696\"\u003eIX. Feeding Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5005\" data-start=\"4723\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4774\" data-start=\"4723\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4774\" data-start=\"4725\"\u003eUnder normal conditions, no feeding is required\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5005\" data-start=\"4775\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4830\" data-start=\"4777\"\u003eTemporary supplementation only in extreme situations:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5005\" data-start=\"4833\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4965\" data-start=\"4833\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4965\" data-start=\"4835\"\u003eNewly established tanks without established biofilm (a small piece of blanched spinach may be offered and removed within 3 days)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5005\" data-start=\"4968\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5005\" data-start=\"4970\"\u003eRare cases of abnormal emaciation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5121\" data-start=\"5007\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5041\" data-start=\"5007\"\u003eRoutine feeding is prohibited:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5044\" data-start=\"5041\"\u003eAny sinking food may pollute the substrate and cause serious health problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5126\" data-start=\"5123\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5160\" data-start=\"5128\"\u003eX. Tankmates and Conservation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5186\" data-start=\"5162\"\u003eCompatible Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5325\" data-start=\"5187\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5269\" data-start=\"5187\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5269\" data-start=\"5189\"\u003ePeaceful mid–upper layer fish: White Cloud Mountain Minnow, Danio, small barbs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5325\" data-start=\"5270\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5325\" data-start=\"5272\"\u003eAdult ornamental shrimp: Cherry shrimp, Fire shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5351\" data-start=\"5327\"\u003eIncompatible Species\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5527\" data-start=\"5352\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5417\" data-start=\"5352\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5417\" data-start=\"5354\"\u003ePlecos and loricariids (competition and physical suppression)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5456\" data-start=\"5418\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5456\" data-start=\"5420\"\u003eAggressive fish (bettas, cichlids)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5527\" data-start=\"5457\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5527\" data-start=\"5459\"\u003eHigh-density benthic species (competition for attachment surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5550\" data-start=\"5529\"\u003eConservation Note\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5766\" data-start=\"5551\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5619\" data-start=\"5551\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5619\" data-start=\"5553\"\u003eEndemic species of China, subject to general wildlife protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5701\" data-start=\"5620\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5701\" data-start=\"5622\"\u003eMost market specimens are captive-bred; captive stock is strongly recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5766\" data-start=\"5702\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5766\" data-start=\"5704\"\u003eWild collection is discouraged — observe without disturbance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5771\" data-start=\"5768\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5787\" data-start=\"5773\"\u003eXI. Summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6028\" data-start=\"5789\"\u003eThe Guizhou Hillstream Loach is one of the most efficient native algae grazers for hillstream aquaria. It does not jump, does not harass shrimp, and does not require feeding. Its sole task is to remove stubborn biofilm from stone surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6210\" data-start=\"6030\"\u003eStock 2–6 individuals in a 40 cm tank or up to 20 in a 60 cm tank. As long as temperature remains low, current strong, and substrate clean, it will remain entirely self-sufficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6330\" data-start=\"6212\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"6330\" data-start=\"6212\"\u003eYou provide flow and light.\u003cbr data-end=\"6243\" data-start=\"6240\"\u003eIt provides cleanliness.\u003cbr data-end=\"6270\" data-start=\"6267\"\u003eThis is the natural contract of a true hillstream aquarium.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Wild type","offer_id":46330277462205,"sku":null,"price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Red mutant","offer_id":46330277494973,"sku":null,"price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Yellow mutant","offer_id":46330277527741,"sku":null,"price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-001_04cc55ad-c70f-40ee-a7ed-c3c6490af964.png?v=1769835653"},{"product_id":"homatula-loaches","title":"Homatula Loaches","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"411\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"411\"\u003eGenus Homatula – Chinese native benthic stream loaches\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"416\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"444\"\u003eI. Basic Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"688\"\u003eCommon name: Homatula loaches\u003cbr\u003eChinaese name: 荷马条鳅 \u003cbr\u003eScientific genus: \u003cstrong data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"508\"\u003eHomatula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"511\"\u003eFamily \u0026amp; Genus: Cobitidae · Genus Homatula\u003cbr data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"556\"\u003eNative range: Southern and southwestern China\u003cbr data-start=\"601\" data-end=\"604\"\u003eAdult size: 8–15 cm (species dependent)\u003cbr data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"646\"\u003eEcological type: Benthic predatory loach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"760\"\u003eGenus reference (external):\u003cbr data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"720\"\u003e\u003ca data-start=\"720\" data-end=\"758\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homatula\"\u003ehttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homatula\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ms-0.5 inline-block align-middle leading-none\"\u003e\u003csvg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-rtl-flip=\"\" class=\"block h-[0.75em] w-[0.75em] stroke-current stroke-[0.75]\"\u003e\u003cuse fill=\"currentColor\" href=\"\/cdn\/assets\/sprites-core-k5zux585.svg#304883\"\u003e\u003c\/use\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"765\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"814\"\u003eII. Species Overview (Ornamental Context)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"1027\"\u003eThe genus \u003cem data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"836\"\u003eHomatula\u003c\/em\u003e contains a relatively large number of endemic species distributed in different river systems of China. The Wikipedia reference linked above lists many additional species within this genus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1207\"\u003eHowever, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1126\"\u003eat present, most of these species are not observed in the ornamental aquarium market\u003c\/strong\u003e and lack reliable circulation records. Therefore, they are not discussed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1209\" data-end=\"1322\"\u003eAmong the species occasionally mentioned in other references, only the following two are sometimes encountered:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1324\" data-end=\"1466\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1324\" data-end=\"1390\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1390\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Homatula_wujiangensis\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;redlink=1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003eHomatula wujiangensis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e Ding \u0026amp; Deng, 1990 — Wujiang Homatula\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1466\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1466\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Homatula_variegata\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;redlink=1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1415\"\u003eHomatula variegata\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) — Red-tailed Homatula\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"1570\"\u003eIn this article, the focus is placed on the two forms most commonly seen and discussed in the hobby:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1572\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1572\" data-end=\"1621\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1621\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1595\"\u003eHomatula potanini\u003c\/strong\u003e — Short-bodied Homatula\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1622\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1624\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1624\" data-end=\"1648\"\u003eHomatula berezowskii\u003c\/strong\u003e — Berezowski’s Homatula\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1761\"\u003eThese two forms are used below as the primary reference for morphology and husbandry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1766\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1794\"\u003eIII. Natural Habitat\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1880\"\u003eDistributed in mountain rivers and tributaries of southern and southwestern China.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1900\"\u003eTypical habitat:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"2113\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1938\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1904\" data-end=\"1938\"\u003eModerate to fast flowing streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1998\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1998\"\u003eSubstrate dominated by gravel, pebbles, and coarse sand\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1999\" data-end=\"2032\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2001\" data-end=\"2032\"\u003eVery limited fine silt or mud\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2071\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2071\"\u003eWater temperature commonly 14–24°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2113\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2074\" data-end=\"2113\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen and clear water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2217\"\u003eThey occupy the river bottom, moving between stones and gravel beds, remaining close to the substrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2222\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2224\" data-end=\"2279\"\u003eIV. External Morphology (General Characteristics)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2281\" data-end=\"2494\"\u003eBody elongated, cylindrical to slightly compressed\u003cbr data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2334\"\u003eHead broad, snout rounded, with multiple pairs of barbels\u003cbr data-start=\"2391\" data-end=\"2394\"\u003eMouth inferior, adapted for benthic feeding\u003cbr data-start=\"2437\" data-end=\"2440\"\u003eFins strong and well developed for bottom locomotion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2536\"\u003eTypical body pattern elements include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2537\" data-end=\"2690\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2537\" data-end=\"2598\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2539\" data-end=\"2598\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2539\" data-end=\"2566\"\u003eIrregular fine markings\u003c\/strong\u003e on the head and anterior body\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2601\" data-end=\"2656\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2601\" data-end=\"2632\"\u003eVertical pale white stripes\u003c\/strong\u003e on the posterior body\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2690\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2690\"\u003eMottled or cloud-like shading\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2692\" data-end=\"2766\"\u003eFin margins often show red pigmentation, forming a key ornamental feature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2768\" data-end=\"2771\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2773\" data-end=\"2802\"\u003eV. Representative Forms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-start=\"2804\" data-end=\"2835\"\u003e1. Short-bodied Homatula\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2836\" data-end=\"2875\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2836\" data-end=\"2857\"\u003eHomatula potanini\u003c\/strong\u003e (Günther, 1896)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2889\"\u003eBody form:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2890\" data-end=\"2952\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2890\" data-end=\"2910\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2892\" data-end=\"2910\"\u003eShort and robust\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2911\" data-end=\"2952\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"2952\"\u003eThick trunk and relatively large head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2954\" data-end=\"2980\"\u003ePattern characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2981\" data-end=\"3289\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2981\" data-end=\"3061\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3061\"\u003eHead and anterior body densely covered with \u003cstrong data-start=\"3027\" data-end=\"3059\"\u003eirregular fine pale markings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3062\" data-end=\"3129\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3129\"\u003eMarkings form continuous winding lines, maze-like in appearance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3226\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3132\" data-end=\"3226\"\u003eFrom the origin of the dorsal fin, markings become \u003cstrong data-start=\"3183\" data-end=\"3224\"\u003epredominantly vertical in orientation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3289\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3229\" data-end=\"3289\"\u003eLines thicker and more widely spaced on the posterior half\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3291\" data-end=\"3313\"\u003eFin characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3314\" data-end=\"3434\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3314\" data-end=\"3365\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3316\" data-end=\"3365\"\u003eFirst dorsal fin ray with a distinct red margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3366\" data-end=\"3434\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3434\"\u003eUpper and lower margins of the caudal fin clearly edged with red\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3436\" data-end=\"3552\"\u003eOverall appearance:\u003cbr data-start=\"3455\" data-end=\"3458\"\u003eCompact body, dense anterior markings, vertical posterior stripes, and strong red fin margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3554\" data-end=\"3557\"\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-start=\"3559\" data-end=\"3590\"\u003e2. Berezowski’s Homatula\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3617\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3615\"\u003eHomatula berezowskii\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3619\" data-end=\"3631\"\u003eBody form:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3716\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3689\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3689\"\u003eMore elongated and slender than the short-bodied form\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3690\" data-end=\"3716\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3692\" data-end=\"3716\"\u003eStreamlined silhouette\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3718\" data-end=\"3744\"\u003ePattern characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3925\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3792\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3747\" data-end=\"3792\"\u003eAnterior body almost unmarked or very faint\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3793\" data-end=\"3879\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3879\"\u003eFrom behind the dorsal fin, \u003cstrong data-start=\"3823\" data-end=\"3852\"\u003ethin vertical white lines\u003c\/strong\u003e appear at wide intervals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3880\" data-end=\"3925\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3882\" data-end=\"3925\"\u003eNumber of markings limited, spacing large\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3949\"\u003eFin characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3950\" data-end=\"4066\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3950\" data-end=\"4011\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3952\" data-end=\"4011\"\u003eOnly a small red mark at the base of the first dorsal ray\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4012\" data-end=\"4066\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4014\" data-end=\"4066\"\u003eCaudal fin uniformly pale red and semi-transparent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4158\"\u003eOverall appearance:\u003cbr data-start=\"4087\" data-end=\"4090\"\u003eSlender body, sparse vertical markings, and softly colored red tail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4160\" data-end=\"4163\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4165\" data-end=\"4190\"\u003eVI. Feeding Ecology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4237\"\u003eFeeding type: Benthic invertebrate predator\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4262\"\u003ePrimary natural diet:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4263\" data-end=\"4358\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4263\" data-end=\"4290\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4290\"\u003eSmall freshwater shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4291\" data-end=\"4316\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4293\" data-end=\"4316\"\u003eAquatic insect larvae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4317\" data-end=\"4358\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4319\" data-end=\"4358\"\u003eBenthic worms and micro-invertebrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4388\"\u003eRecommended captive foods:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4499\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4418\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4418\"\u003eFrozen or live bloodworms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4435\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4421\" data-end=\"4435\"\u003eBrine shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4454\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4454\"\u003eChopped shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4455\" data-end=\"4499\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4457\" data-end=\"4499\"\u003eHigh-quality sinking carnivorous pellets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4501\" data-end=\"4504\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4506\" data-end=\"4534\"\u003eVII. Thermal Tolerance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4536\" data-end=\"4574\"\u003eUpper critical temperature: \u003cstrong data-start=\"4564\" data-end=\"4572\"\u003e28°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4576\" data-end=\"4606\"\u003eRecommended long-term range:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4719\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4627\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4627\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4614\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eRange\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"4614\" data-end=\"4627\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4719\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4657\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4646\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e16–24°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4646\" data-end=\"4657\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eOptimal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4680\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4666\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e25–26°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4666\" data-end=\"4680\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eAcceptable\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4699\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4686\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e27°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4699\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eHigh risk\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4700\" data-end=\"4719\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4700\" data-end=\"4706\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e≥28°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4719\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eDangerous\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4721\" data-end=\"4797\"\u003eHigh temperature is the principal limiting factor for long-term maintenance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4799\" data-end=\"4802\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4804\" data-end=\"4847\"\u003eVIII. Aquarium Maintenance Difficulty\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4849\" data-end=\"4879\"\u003eDifficulty: ★★★☆☆ (Moderate)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4881\" data-end=\"4907\"\u003eKey factors for success:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"5016\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"4941\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4910\" data-end=\"4941\"\u003eLong-term temperature control\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4942\" data-end=\"4967\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4944\" data-end=\"4967\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4987\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"4987\"\u003eClean substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4988\" data-end=\"5016\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4990\" data-end=\"5016\"\u003eStable water circulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5018\" data-end=\"5021\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"5023\" data-end=\"5063\"\u003eIX. Aquarium Setup Recommendations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5065\" data-end=\"5147\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5065\" data-end=\"5078\"\u003eTank size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"5078\" data-end=\"5081\"\u003e60 cm tank: 2–4 individuals\u003cbr data-start=\"5108\" data-end=\"5111\"\u003e90 cm stream tank: 5–8 individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5149\" data-end=\"5171\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5149\" data-end=\"5169\"\u003eWater parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"5173\" data-end=\"5294\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"5173\" data-end=\"5198\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5173\" data-end=\"5198\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5173\" data-end=\"5183\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5198\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eRecommended\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"5209\" data-end=\"5294\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5209\" data-end=\"5232\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5209\" data-end=\"5221\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5221\" data-end=\"5232\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e16–26°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5233\" data-end=\"5247\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5233\" data-end=\"5236\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003epH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5236\" data-end=\"5247\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e6.5–7.8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5248\" data-end=\"5276\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5248\" data-end=\"5265\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eDissolved oxygen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5265\" data-end=\"5276\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u0026gt;6 mg\/L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5277\" data-end=\"5294\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5277\" data-end=\"5282\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eFlow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5282\" data-end=\"5294\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5296\" data-end=\"5320\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"5296\" data-end=\"5318\"\u003eSubstrate \u0026amp; layout\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5321\" data-end=\"5422\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5321\" data-end=\"5354\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5323\" data-end=\"5354\"\u003eMedium sand mixed with gravel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5355\" data-end=\"5374\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5357\" data-end=\"5374\"\u003eThickness ≤3 cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5375\" data-end=\"5422\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5377\" data-end=\"5422\"\u003ePebbles and stones forming bottom corridors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5424\" data-end=\"5427\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"5429\" data-end=\"5456\"\u003eX. Conservation Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5688\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5514\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5514\"\u003eMost Homatula species are localized Chinese endemics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5515\" data-end=\"5574\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5517\" data-end=\"5574\"\u003eMany populations are restricted to single river systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5575\" data-end=\"5609\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5577\" data-end=\"5609\"\u003eArtificial propagation is rare\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5610\" data-end=\"5688\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5612\" data-end=\"5688\"\u003eField observation is encouraged; uncontrolled collection should be avoided\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5690\" data-end=\"5693\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"5695\" data-end=\"5712\"\u003eXI. Summary\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5845\"\u003eThe genus \u003cstrong data-start=\"5724\" data-end=\"5736\"\u003eHomatula\u003c\/strong\u003e represents a distinctive group of Chinese native benthic loaches adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5847\" data-end=\"6122\"\u003eIn the ornamental hobby, the most commonly observed forms are the \u003cstrong data-start=\"5913\" data-end=\"5960\"\u003eShort-bodied Homatula (\u003cem data-start=\"5938\" data-end=\"5957\"\u003eHomatula potanini\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"5965\" data-end=\"6015\"\u003eBerezowski’s Homatula (\u003cem data-start=\"5990\" data-end=\"6012\"\u003eHomatula berezowskii\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/strong\u003e, characterized by irregular fine anterior markings, vertical pale posterior stripes, and red-edged fins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6124\" data-end=\"6311\"\u003eAlthough additional species are listed in academic references, \u003cstrong data-start=\"6187\" data-end=\"6257\"\u003eonly a limited number are currently observed in the aquarium trade\u003c\/strong\u003e, and they are therefore not discussed in detail here.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Homatula potanini","offer_id":46334073667773,"sku":null,"price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Homatula berezowskii","offer_id":46334073700541,"sku":null,"price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-025_d9643152-715b-4cbd-bd47-fe426c084e33.png?v=1769834826"},{"product_id":"schistura-fasciolatus-species-profile","title":"Schistura fasciolatus Species Profile","description":"\u003cdiv dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-page-id=\"ZvgQf3oCCdVTaicCawnc9FadnJh\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-page-id=\"ZvgQf3oCCdVTaicCawnc9FadnJh\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-HlxGfQsTfdFd02cCOcJcZBRbnAb\"\u003eI. Species Overview and Taxonomic Classification\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TnmrfSr3SdxsS1cIO8ncVsGZnXd\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSchistura fasciolatus\u003c\/strong\u003e is a representative small benthic ornamental loach endemic to southern China. Adults retain vibrant transverse banding year-round, and their nocturnal sand-sifting behavior enriches native stream biotopes, making them a premium choice for niche enthusiasts. Unlike some loaches, it maintains stable ornamental value outside breeding seasons. Artificial breeding remains underdeveloped, so conserving wild populations and legal collection practices are critical.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-WZB1fZmDSdspVNc1Ib7cZ4ycn2q\"\u003eTaxonomic Classification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003ePhylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eFamily: Cobitidae\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eGenus: Schistura\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eChinese name: 横纹南鳅\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eCommon Names: Banded Loach, Striped Stream Loach,\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OsQqfGsxydy8rBc276ncLqZnnT9\"\u003eFasciated Schistura Type Locality: \u003cstrong\u003eHainan Island\u003c\/strong\u003e, China Distribution Status: Widely distributed in southern China’s freshwater systems; artificial breeding is yet to mature\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-TU5sfu6Rhds77qcQVZrcHJQ6nHg\"\u003eII. Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-U8PwfkG43dxwbZcbqAZcMtxcn5d\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSchistura fasciolatus\u003c\/strong\u003e is a small loach adapted to gravel-bed streams, with distinctive traits tailored to its benthic lifestyle, detailed as follows:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-LPhyfhnexdg9KpcSXFOcEs7Zngf\"\u003eBody Shape\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JC1bfPc0bdry8XcA5H6cil5anjd\"\u003eElongated torso, slightly rounded anteriorly and gradually laterally compressed toward the caudal fin. Adult cheeks are swollen, with head width narrower than body height. Streamlined profile reduces water resistance. Adult length: \u003cstrong\u003e50–120 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e (commonly 55–65 mm); weight: 0.07–8.70 g, suitable for small to medium native stream biotope aquariums.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-FaFIfzEgzdURtic1HBacbMWXnnC\"\u003eColoration and Pattern\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PumlfOOuZd9Lt7czCSTcHiiSn4g\"\u003eBase color: Pale yellow to light brown (varies slightly with water quality). \u003cstrong\u003e10–16 irregular dark brown transverse bands\u003c\/strong\u003e (average 14) extend from dorsal midline to abdomen, with partial fusion in some individuals. A distinct black spot marks the dorsal fin base; caudal fin is slightly notched. Core trait: Vibrant coloration persists year-round, with no significant fading outside breeding seasons.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-VbwQfGdAbdXqgMccWbPcuhXXn0c\"\u003eMouth and Barbels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I4QEfN7OYdBPWocSHp1c4S66nqg\"\u003eInferior arched mouth for benthic foraging and algae scraping. Thin lips with fine wrinkles; upper jaw has a \u003cstrong\u003ekeratin tubercle\u003c\/strong\u003e fitting the lower jaw’s V-shaped notch. Three pairs of short, sensitive barbels (2 rostral, 1 maxillary) assist in food detection and navigating gravel crevices.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-PdtHfGViCdB1XRcmKyYcBnflnlg\"\u003eScales and Lateral Line\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Fn8ofLlYVdasdYcgjMjcNWnZnWh\"\u003eBody covered in fine cycloid scales—sparse anteriorly, denser posteriorly. Scales are translucent, not obscuring body color. A \u003cstrong\u003ecomplete lateral line\u003c\/strong\u003e extends to the caudal base, sensitive to water flow changes, an essential stream adaptation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-OsIxfi7wmdpmk4cKqTgcw4BMnHg\"\u003eSexual Dimorphism\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TDZ9fXWO3dPWA9cLLZAcTIXwnvc\"\u003eMinimal differences non-breeding season. Breeding season (June–August): Males develop \u003cstrong\u003ewhite nuptial tubercles\u003c\/strong\u003e on snout, lips, barbels and pectoral fins (broader, pointed fins); Females have swollen abdomens, paler coloration, no tubercles, and a slightly protruded genital pore.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-XTMJfu9usdkCu8cWq2FcBvIrnFt\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Ecological Habits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-VV6OfqTOMdxSFwcawIncmIX7nIb\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WgH7fVRXhdBQYicnQxicd97XnRg\"\u003eEndemic to southern China, it distributes in the middle and upper \u003cstrong\u003eYangtze\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ePearl\u003c\/strong\u003e River systems, as well as Hainan Island and Hong Kong. Documented in Zhenyuan County (Puer, Yunnan) and Nanling region (Guangdong), with type locality in Hainan Island.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-J8UKfA8XDdZt3TcJi9Bc3vw9ntb\"\u003e2. Habitat\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UOu4fflafdmYFNc5fVpcavPHnUh\"\u003ePrefers high-altitude, clear mountain streams with dissolved oxygen ≥8 mg\/L, inhabiting gravel gaps, beneath stones and vegetated slow-flow margins. Intolerant of turbid\/eutrophic water. Suitable parameters: pH 6.0–7.8, \u003cstrong\u003etemperature 15–25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e; tolerates ≥5°C in winter, stressed above 28°C.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-HBX7fxn5odvMmFcVjYScyK7Tnwb\"\u003e3. Behavioral Traits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ECwafvVD1duixUcZgCWcbjjbnAg\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNocturnal\u003c\/strong\u003e benthic species, hiding in crevices by day and active at dusk. Extremely sensitive to disturbance, bright light and sudden parameter fluctuations. Weak intraspecific competition, with mild sand-sifting foraging behavior.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-RIH9fvMOddfhgJchsv4czHC7nih\"\u003e4. Feeding Ecology (Natural Diet)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MZzkfS3P8d9RcWcCLoqchkHKnsf\"\u003eOmnivorous with herbivorous tendency; natural diet is dominated by\u003cstrong\u003ediatoms, filamentous algae\u003c\/strong\u003e and organic detritus (\u0026gt;90%), supplemented by small invertebrates. Forages by scraping algae and detecting prey via barbels, no active predation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-VXYufHxijd0j0EcCY7ncySa9n4b\"\u003eIV. Reproductive Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LMHrf2ZXVdNeYPcmls0cxQHEnce\"\u003eSeasonal breeder, with breeding season June–August (summer rainy season). Optimal conditions: \u003cstrong\u003e20–24°C\u003c\/strong\u003e, dissolved oxygen ≥7 mg\/L, moderate flow. Females mature at 2 years, spawn in batches; eggs are small with weak adhesiveness, deposited in gravel gaps. Males stimulate spawning via nuptial tubercles; no parental care, with low natural survival rate of eggs and fry.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-QHZffZOqpdrG4ucGQr9cWG6anEc\"\u003eV. Feeding and Diet (Captive Care)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-HJkFfEqnGdGJ41cvS0AcVH5pnLf\"\u003e1. Feeding Principles\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Q9pJfvS7QdPylTcWAT6cyBrNnoe\"\u003eMimic natural diet, feed once daily at dusk (18:00–19:00) with food consumed within 5–10 minutes. Remove leftovers promptly, maintain regular feeding schedule to avoid water pollution and digestive issues.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-CIhgfMly9dKjBacDih7c5RW1nPh\"\u003e2. Recommended Captive Diet\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FyE5fRnsFdIDNpcXJUqckcEbnHc\"\u003eStaple: \u003cstrong\u003eSinking pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e, spirulina\/diatom tablets, bottom-feeder wafers. Supplement (1–2 times\/week): Frozen\/thawed bloodworms, nematodes, brine shrimp. Vegetable supplement (1–2 times\/month): Blanched spinach, pumpkin puree. Avoid salty\/oily food, oversized feed and long-term single live food.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-HUdZf27FDdxdpZcbL88ctmKdnKb\"\u003e3. Feeding Tips\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JiwZfQNAdd5gvMcgcMocRTFCnMb\"\u003eThaw and rinse frozen food before feeding. Attach algae tablets to tank glass\/gravel; use a feeding dish in mixed tanks. Adjust diet by temperature—reduce protein intake below 18°C due to slow metabolism.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-KWvMfOPLrdGCc2cYqBVc28Wdn7b\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-T0XffmZN5dya4lcmVkHcNdranme\"\u003e1. Tank Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-U7OefgaIzdpN9NcLMSRcJZoGnyb\"\u003eMinimum \u003cstrong\u003e30×20×20 cm\u003c\/strong\u003e for 3–5 adults; ≥50 cm for multi-species setups. Prioritize horizontal length over height to suit benthic behavior.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-YPDwfvidfd1IWwc7vMicMYJ5nme\"\u003e2. Substrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ANbkfC9Isd13R1cwtfIcpnSvn7d\"\u003e3–5 cm mixed substrate: 3 cm \u003cstrong\u003efine stream sand\u003c\/strong\u003e (1–2 mm) bottom, 1–2 cm pebbles (2–5 cm) top. Add small cobblestones for hiding; avoid sharp or colored artificial substrate.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-EFQMfzStcdU0GrcVyAvct10nnPg\"\u003e3. Aquascaping\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XwS8fIJn7drzn5czjqbc33tnnkn\"\u003eSimulate natural streams with ceramic tubes, stone caves and small driftwood. Attach \u003cstrong\u003eJava moss, Anubias\u003c\/strong\u003e to hardscape; reserve ≥60% open bottom space for foraging.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-Lu09felded4METcxnt5c1tzvnzg\"\u003e4. Equipment Configuration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OfiWfE2NIdjObcci5UScnuHCnAe\"\u003eFiltration: \u003cstrong\u003eExternal canister\/sponge filter\u003c\/strong\u003e (24\/7 operation), 3–5x water turnover hourly. Flow: Small wave maker (low\/medium) for moderate flow, DO ≥6 mg\/L. Temperature: 18–24°C (optimal 20–22°C), daily fluctuation ≤2°C. Lighting: Low-intensity LED (6–8 hours daily), avoid bright light.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-DvXxf0oN1drBR0codi0cXyTjntr\"\u003e5. Water Quality Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UEZJfnL4Qd1zyPc4vOcc3n9Znae\"\u003eChange 1\/4–1\/3 water weekly with dechlorinated tap water (matched temperature\/pH). Maintain \u003cstrong\u003epH 6.5–7.5\u003c\/strong\u003e, ammonia\/nitrite = 0 mg\/L, nitrate \u0026lt;20 mg\/L. Add 1–2 Indian almond leaves for pH adjustment; siphon substrate monthly to remove residue.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-Ov2Tf8g0Bd6Ts1cNPcdcxWMVnIc\"\u003eVII. Tank Mates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-TpjlfxkhjdFURUcxQ7mc5uoDnLf\"\u003e1. Suitable Tank Mates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WbKTfm6VZdvOW8cAjJEcu3CYndF\"\u003eSmall, mild native fish with similar needs: Hillstream loaches, small \u003cstrong\u003eRhinogobius gobies\u003c\/strong\u003e, striped barbs, Chinese rice fish. Cherry shrimp for clean-up, no predation risk.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-DMIMf7Uj6d4RDTc4WdHcKgUJn84\"\u003e2. Unsuitable Tank Mates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WcG2fj4gcdej83cyXBNcvkLln4d\"\u003eAvoid \u003cstrong\u003elarge predators\u003c\/strong\u003e, aggressive cichlids, territorial gobies and hyperactive schooling fish—they cause stress, competition or predation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-TNjEfkHV0dgK40czHZIcKjX1nCg\"\u003e3. Stocking Density\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BKaYfE8BgdKQGyc4rbmcIfcwnue\"\u003e30 cm tank: ≤8 total fish; 50 cm tank: ≤15. Keep \u003cstrong\u003e3–5 conspecifics\u003c\/strong\u003e together to reduce stress; Schistura should account for ≤50% of total stock.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-OBzWfNuCWdH8SNcEGnrcDz5Xn7g\"\u003eVIII. Health and Disease Prevention\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-CYXdfDonod1SwAcKRmdcwxCKn5c\"\u003e1. Common Captive Diseases (Causes \u0026amp; Treatment)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NZS2f6nj6dZ1LDc87VqcFSnbn9c\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSaprolegniasis\u003c\/strong\u003e: White mycelium, treat with 24–26°C water, 1% salt baths and antifungal meds. \u003cstrong\u003eIch\u003c\/strong\u003e: White spots, raise to 28°C and use ich medication. \u003cstrong\u003eEnteritis\u003c\/strong\u003e: Swollen abdomen, fast 2–3 days and improve water quality. External scratches: Isolate, clean decor and use mild antibiotic baths.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-HuhSfUgagd6xDpcdLh9cfxO0nFg\"\u003e2. Preventive Measures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SMRHf8c1Ldj19VcJYelcLDBnn4e\"\u003eMaintain stable water parameters and feeding habits. \u003cstrong\u003eQuarantine new fish 3–5 days\u003c\/strong\u003e. Clean tank regularly without over-disturbing beneficial bacteria. Avoid overstocking and frequent disturbance.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-FUnwfhAFFdnhxYcpo1dcQTdmn6g\"\u003eIX. Conservation Recommendations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DXhYf35pEdUoypcEnsJcj7Y3nXe\"\u003eThough not protected, wild populations decline due to habitat loss and unregulated collection. \u003cstrong\u003eObtain fish legally\u003c\/strong\u003e, protect natural habitats and avoid releasing captive individuals. Promote conservation awareness and support research on its breeding and distribution.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-TKnffVxLidu97mcJv3AcsRXvnvd\"\u003eX. Comparison with Similar Native Species\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable data-ace-table-col-widths=\"200;200;200;200\" class=\"ace-table\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol width=\"200\"\u003e\n\u003ccol width=\"200\"\u003e\n\u003ccol width=\"200\"\u003e\n\u003ccol width=\"200\"\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LgjtfXok7dQ7mUcdvLWcstEjnnd\"\u003eFeature\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Rhrdf9VTpdWe5wclUXMc5MyOnke\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSchistura fasciolatus\u003c\/strong\u003e (Banded Loach)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-W2rSfJVY8d9PHccgz0jck5mGnqf\"\u003eMisgurnus anguillicaudatus (Common Loach)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CL9sf2NeZdI4RlcP2bbc9bennVd\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRhinogobius spp.\u003c\/strong\u003e (Stream Goby)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VMQSfMGD3dFBhzcR6WvcrcjKnMe\"\u003eColoration \u0026amp; Pattern\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-E3vWf3JV6dNzRdcSwW7cuWIInzg\"\u003ePale yellow base with \u003cstrong\u003e10–16 dark transverse bands\u003c\/strong\u003e; year-round vibrant color\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NTZ4fsPWgdwClncj82VcPpqin8b\"\u003eDull yellow\/brown with irregular spots; fades in poor water\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXtvfzJjVd2VbzcPZrwcydlonod\"\u003eLongitudinal stripes\/patches; bright color only in breeding season\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LRu8fpEy0don6Bc11BKcvGw8nnh\"\u003eBody Size \u0026amp; Shape\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GtYCfvWjEddF33c3Aj3c5spknRd\"\u003e50–120 mm, elongated, laterally compressed, swollen cheeks\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MkrNfQqMbdfJ4qcRRNscRqSJnBB\"\u003e80–150 mm, cylindrical, rounder body\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXPof7jk1dQTnLc6hSccpPjWnae\"\u003e30–80 mm, short stocky, large head\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QfMJfMD6Td6MnIcPUZlcIodFnEb\"\u003eActivity Trait\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NlT8fINyUd3qPkcNIeYcTsVnnXe\"\u003eNocturnal, benthic, sand-sifting, stress-sensitive\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RqD0fVKMJd8YqscBa1ucrU18ndb\"\u003eNocturnal, burrowing, high adaptability\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GvY4fpnC0dsRV9c2iKscNWbWnoT\"\u003eDiurnal, territorial, active foraging\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UP8Efq5wKdzMF1cos2ocVUCgnUd\"\u003eHabitat Preference\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZtoafsM9VdN8KRcNJgacnlcWndK\"\u003eMountain streams, clear water, high DO\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZWOWfZT1UdcNV6cLGlBcmUdinhe\"\u003eSlow-flow water, muddy substrate, low DO tolerance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BgHhf3GIadiQ3scZymuczv0lnkf\"\u003eStream margins, shallow water, moderate DO\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DXjafA5sGdVk2icP4JQcvXkgnHg\"\u003eCaptive Care Level\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CrOsfPdB4dpLaScGk16chfx1nbb\"\u003eModerate (strict water\/flow\/substrate needs)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JTD9ffn6Gduc5QcVsTocvqVdnqe\"\u003eEasy (strong adaptability)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"1\" colspan=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SCvRfeexXdwaC8cFxNjctaYgnob\"\u003eEasy-Moderate (stable water, territorial competition)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZvgQf3oCCdVTaicCawnc9FadnJh\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46365895262397,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-003_8b797dac-d060-4e82-b026-2b8c67e8277f.png?v=1769762879"},{"product_id":"erromyzon-sp-red-spots-red-diamond-loach-species-profile","title":"Erromyzon sp. “Red Spots” Red Diamond Loach Species Profile","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e— The “Ruby Hillstream Loach” of China’s Xijiang River Basin\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eErromyzon sp. “red spots”\u003c\/strong\u003e is an undescribed species within the family Gastromyzontidae, genus Erromyzon. The designation “sp.” indicates that it has not yet been formally described in scientific literature.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThis small benthic native fish is endemic to the Xijiang River Basin in Guangxi, China. It is commonly referred to as the “\u003cstrong\u003eRed Diamond Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e” or “\u003cstrong\u003eRuby Hillstream Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e” due to the ruby-like red markings embedded along its flanks.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAmong native fish enthusiasts, it is considered a highly sought-after ornamental species and serves as one of the representative benthic fishes of the Xijiang stream ecosystem. As its population size is closely tied to habitat integrity, it is regarded as an indicator species of stream ecological health.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eII. Coloration and Diagnostic Appearance (Key Identification Features)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe ornamental value and identification of this species are primarily based on its distinctive coloration and pattern.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOverall Base Color\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe body’s base color is dark brown to deep chestnut, closely resembling natural stream gravel. This camouflage provides effective concealment from predators in its native habitat.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHead Pattern\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe head is covered with fine white reticulated or labyrinth-like markings. These form a striking contrast against the dark brown base, creating a layered, fissured visual effect. The pattern distribution is irregular, with slight variations among individuals—acting almost as a unique biological “fingerprint.”\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFlank Markings\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe body sides display discontinuous vertical white interval bands rather than continuous horizontal stripes. Between the white bands and the brown base color, irregular bright red diamond- or rhomboid-shaped spots are embedded.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThese red markings are sharply delineated and vividly colored, appearing jewel-like under appropriate lighting. The common name “Red Diamond” originates from this feature, which is the primary distinguishing characteristic separating it from other species within the same genus.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFin Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe pectoral and pelvic fins are specialized into flattened adhesive discs formed through fin-ray fusion. The surface of the discs contains dense microstructures, providing extremely strong attachment capability that allows the fish to firmly adhere to rocks in fast-flowing currents.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe caudal fin is forked with transparent fin membranes. Fin rays show fine black-and-white speckling, lending an agile and graceful swimming posture.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBody Form\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAdult body length is approximately 6–7 cm. The anterior body is cylindrical, while the posterior portion is slightly laterally compressed. The abdomen is flattened. This streamlined morphology reduces resistance in strong currents and is highly adapted to benthic life in fast-flowing environments.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWild populations are currently confirmed only in tributary mountain streams of the Xijiang River Basin in Guangxi, China, particularly in mountainous regions around Guigang and Wuzhou. It is a typical regional endemic species with a relatively narrow distribution range.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHabitat Preference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThis species strictly prefers:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear water\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen levels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFast-flowing shallow riffles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGravel and rocky substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWater transparency in its native habitat typically reaches at least 1 meter. Its primary food source consists of periphytic algae (diatoms and green algae) growing on gravel surfaces. During the day, it adheres to smooth rock surfaces for feeding. At night, it retreats into crevices between stones to avoid predators.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnvironmental Sensitivity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIt is highly sensitive to water temperature and quality. Natural habitat parameters:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature: 18–28°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHardness: 8–12°dGH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIt cannot tolerate turbid water, hypoxic conditions, or abrupt temperature fluctuations.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIV. Closely Related Species\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eErromyzon sp. “red spots” belongs to the genus Erromyzon. Its closest relative is Erromyzon kalotaenia.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eBoth species:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOccur primarily in Guangxi stream systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRequire clean, high-oxygen environments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShow strong sensitivity to low oxygen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUnder hypoxic conditions, E. kalotaenia may lose adhesion and detach from glass surfaces due to oxygen stress. This stress response is highly similar in Erromyzon sp. “red spots.”\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHowever, clear differences exist:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eE. kalotaenia exhibits black and white morphs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIts red markings may fluctuate or fade depending on environmental conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt lacks the stable, bright red diamond-shaped markings characteristic of Erromyzon sp. “red spots.”\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe presence of consistently vivid ruby-like rhomboid spots is the most reliable distinguishing feature.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eV. Captive Care Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Temperature and Water Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTemperature:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMaintain strictly between 18–28°C. In summer, use a chiller or cooling measures to prevent temperatures from exceeding 28°C, as high temperature reduces dissolved oxygen and may cause stress or mortality. In winter, maintain temperatures above 15°C using a heater.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eWater Quality:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eKey principle: high oxygen, low pollution.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmmonia and nitrite: below 0.1 mg\/L\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform weekly water changes of 25–33%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplacement water should be aerated for at least 24 hours, with temperature and pH matched to the tank water to avoid stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Feeding Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIn the wild, this species primarily feeds on periphytic algae. In captivity, supplemental artificial feeding is generally unnecessary if sufficient green algae are available in the aquarium.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eEncourage natural algae growth by:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProviding 4–6 hours of indirect light daily\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintaining stable water conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnsuring trace mineral availability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThis approach both satisfies nutritional requirements and replicates natural feeding behavior.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup (Native Stream Biotope)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTank Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMinimum 40 cm rectangular aquarium recommended. Width should ideally be ≥20 cm to allow proper flow and benthic movement. Avoid round tanks.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUse 3–5 mm natural river pebbles or stream sand. Depth: 3–5 cm. Rinse thoroughly before use and remove sharp edges.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHardscape (Rocks \u0026amp; Driftwood)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvide multiple smooth, flat rocks to simulate riffle zones.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreate elevation differences to form fast-flow and slower-flow microhabitats.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDriftwood may be added sparingly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAquatic plants are not necessary and may compete for algae resources.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEquipment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWave maker to simulate natural current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEfficient filtration system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdequate aeration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMaintaining stable flow and high dissolved oxygen is essential.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVII. Tank Mates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuitable Species\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eChoose small, peaceful native fishes with similar environmental requirements, such as:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMid-upper water column fish\u003c\/strong\u003e : Peaceful species that occupy the mid and upper layers of the aquarium (avoiding the benthic zone where the loach resides), ensuring no overlap in ecological niches and maintaining a harmonious tank environment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHillstream Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eGoby\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvoid\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAggressive fish (bettas, cichlids)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLarge bottom-dwelling competitors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlecos (may attach to and harm them)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh oxygen-demand fish (e.g., goldfish)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVIII. Reproductive Behavior (Captive Observations)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eArtificial breeding techniques remain underdeveloped. Observations suggest:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBreeding season: late spring to early summer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature trigger: 20–24°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMales develop intensified coloration and defend rock crevices as spawning sites\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEggs are adhesive and deposited inside crevices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMales guard eggs and fan them for oxygenation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncubation: 7–10 days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdults may prey on eggs or fry, so separating parents or using a breeding box is recommended.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIX. Health Management\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCommon issues include:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFin Rot\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Poor water quality (elevated ammonia\/nitrite) or physical injury\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: Water change (33%), slight temperature increase to 26°C, 0.3% non-iodized salt; half the recommended dosage of antibacterial medication if symptoms persist.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIch (White Spot Disease)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Sudden temperature drop or introduction of infected fish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: Raise temperature to 28°C for 3–5 days; half the recommended dosage of ich medication if needed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuction Disc Injury\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Sharp decor or aggression from tank mates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: Isolate injured individuals in a clean, low-flow quarantine tank and add a mild antibacterial agent to prevent infection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eX. Conservation Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAlthough not officially protected under national wildlife lists, wild populations are declining due to:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHabitat destruction (stream damming, channelization)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSand mining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater pollution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvasive species (e.g., armored catfish, mosquitofish)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eResponsible aquarists should:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurchase captive-bred specimens from legitimate sources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid wild collection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNever release captive-raised fish into natural water bodies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProper water quality and natural algae availability enhance coloration intensity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild territorial “disc-pushing” interactions among adults are normal and require no intervention.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs this species remains undescribed scientifically, the name Erromyzon sp. “red spots” is used provisionally pending formal taxonomic publication.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46373455921341,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-003_5dbedc13-70ea-4ee2-81c6-79fda22be67d.png?v=1770007340"},{"product_id":"parabotia-fasciatus-species-profile","title":"Parabotia fasciatus Species Profile","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e— The “Striped Stream Loach” of River Bottoms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily: Traditionally Cobitidae (\u003cstrong\u003eLoach\u003c\/strong\u003e family), currently classified in Botiidae (Spined loach family)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenus: Parabotia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies: Parabotia fasciatus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eParabotia fasciatus is a small benthic freshwater fish primarily distributed across multiple river systems in China, and is one of the representative bottom-dwelling species in East Asian freshwater river ecosystems.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRecognized for its distinctive black-and-yellow vertical body banding and uniquely spotted fins, it combines ecological significance with high ornamental appeal. With relatively strong environmental adaptability and stable local populations in most habitats, it is regarded as an important indicator species for evaluating freshwater ecosystem health.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAmong native fish enthusiasts, this species is highly prized for its slender, agile body form and striking contrasting stripe pattern.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eII. Morphology and Coloration\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBody Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe body is elongated and laterally compressed. Adult length typically ranges from 6–10 cm, with the maximum recorded size reaching up to 15 cm.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe snout is pointed and protruding; the mouth is inferior and horseshoe-shaped, with three pairs of barbels (two rostral pairs, one maxillary pair). A \u003cstrong\u003ekey diagnostic feature\u003c\/strong\u003e is the \u003cstrong\u003ebifurcated suborbital spine\u003c\/strong\u003e located beneath the eye.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLateral Banding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eBase body color is yellow-brown, with a pale grayish-white abdomen. The body sides are marked with 13–15 dark brown vertical bands of uniform width, creating a sharp black-and-yellow contrasting pattern.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFin Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDorsal and caudal fins have a pale yellow base, covered with dense black spots arranged in continuous longitudinal \"beaded\" rows — the spotting pattern is identical on both fins for consistent identification.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThe caudal fin is distinctly forked, with spotting extending to the tips of the fin lobes. A prominent dark brown spot is present at the center of the base of the caudal fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins match the abdominal color and lack obvious markings.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWidely distributed in eastern and southern China, spanning major freshwater river systems including:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeilongjiang Basin (northern distribution limit)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYellow River Basin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuai River Basin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYangtze River Basin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePearl River Basin (southern distribution limit)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIt is predominantly found in \u003cstrong\u003elow-altitude river sections (below 500m)\u003c\/strong\u003e, with a concentrated distribution in the middle and lower reaches of rivers.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHabitat Preference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThis species is a benthic dweller of sandy or gravel river substrates, preferring moderate to slow current zones, shallow riffles, and crevices among stones. It is crepuscular to nocturnal: hiding in substrate gaps during daylight hours and emerging to forage at night.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnvironmental Tolerance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCompared with specialized hillstream loaches, it has stronger environmental adaptability. Optimal captive conditions:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature: 18–26°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWell-oxygenated water\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIt tolerates mildly turbid water but exhibits optimal coloration and vitality in clean, high-DO environments. Under proper captive care, it is a medium-lived species with a typical lifespan of 5–8 years.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIV. Similar Species Comparison\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecies\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eKey Distinguishing Features\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParabotia fasciatus\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13–15 uniform vertical body bands; \"beaded\" spotting on dorsal\/caudal fins; bifurcated suborbital spine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLeptobotia elongata (Elongate loach)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuch larger body (commonly 20–30cm, extreme wild individuals can exceed 50cm); only 5–7 broad vertical bands (irregular in adults); striped (not spotted) fins\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSinibotia superciliaris (Chinese sand loach)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7–9 broad gray vertical body bands; bifurcated suborbital spine extending to posterior eye margin; 2 pairs of mental tubercles on the chin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eV. Captive Care\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWater Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMaintain a stable water environment to avoid stress:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKeep temperature between 18–26°C; avoid exceeding 28°C in summer and dropping below 15°C in winter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain ammonia and nitrite at \u003cstrong\u003ebelow 0.1 mg\/L\u003c\/strong\u003e; pH stable at 6.5–7.5.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform weekly water changes of 25–33% with aerated, temperature-matched new water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAn omnivorous benthic feeder, with a natural diet of aquatic insect larvae, organic detritus, and periphytic algae.\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCaptive feeding recommendations\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStaple food: Sinking pelleted feed, frozen bloodworms, Tubifex worms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupplementary food: Occasional spirulina wafers (for algal nutrition)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeeding regime: Once daily, feed an amount consumed within 5 minutes to avoid detritus buildup and water deterioration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTank size\u003c\/strong\u003e: Minimum 40cm in length, width ≥20cm (to accommodate benthic movement). Avoid round tanks for poor water circulation and limited activity space.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/strong\u003e: 3–5mm natural river pebbles or stream sand, 3–5cm thick (mimics native gravel substrate and provides hiding crevices).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHardscape\u003c\/strong\u003e: Smooth rocks and driftwood stacked to form multiple hiding spaces; minimal aquatic plants recommended (sparse in native habitat), with small shade-tolerant species (e.g., Sagittaria subulata) as optional accents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEquipment\u003c\/strong\u003e: Efficient filtration for water clarity; small wave maker for moderate water circulation (strong current not required); \u003cstrong\u003etight-fitting tank lid mandatory\u003c\/strong\u003e (species has a strong jumping tendency).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVII. Tank Mates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuitable\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSmall, peaceful fish with non-overlapping ecological niches:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMid-upper water column native fish (bitterlings, small barbs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRhinogobius species (gobies, fellow benthic dwellers with similar environmental needs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvoid\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAggressive fish (cichlids, bettas) that may attack or outcompete\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLarge benthic competitors (plecos, large loach species) that fight for substrate space and food\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-biomass fish (e.g., goldfish) that increase bioload and oxygen competition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSharp-finned or territorial species that may inflict physical damage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVIII. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWild spawning characteristics\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpawning season: June–August (late spring to summer)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrigger temperature: 25–28°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNatural recruitment depends heavily on seasonal flow fluctuations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEggs: Pelagic and non-adhesive, drifting with river currents for development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHatching: At a constant 28°C, embryonic development and hatching occur within 12–24 hours (environment-dependent); larvae rely on yolk sac reserves initially, then feed on small zooplankton.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCaptive breeding note\u003c\/strong\u003e: Artificial breeding technology remains technically challenging with limited successful records; requires simulating natural river conditions (moderate current, gravel substrate) and providing abundant aquatic insect larvae as broodstock nutrition.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIX. Health Management\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCommon health issues are primarily water quality or temperature-related; loaches are sensitive to chemical medications, so \u003cstrong\u003ereduce all medication dosages by 50%\u003c\/strong\u003e when treating.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFin rot\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Poor water quality (elevated ammonia\/nitrite), physical abrasion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: 33% water change, raise temperature to 26°C, add 0.3% non-iodized salt; use half-dosage antibacterial medication if symptoms persist.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIch (White Spot Disease)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Sudden temperature drop, parasitic infestation from new fish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: Raise gradually to 27–28°C while ensuring strong aeration, maintain for 3–5 days; use half-dosage ich medication if natural treatment is ineffective.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntestinal disorders\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCause: Overfeeding, contaminated live food, abrupt diet changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment: Fast for 2–3 days, resume with small amounts of high-quality sinking feed mixed with garlic extract; improve water circulation and filtration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eX. Conservation Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eParabotia fasciatus is not currently listed in national wildlife protection catalogs in China, but local populations are experiencing gradual decline due to anthropogenic impacts:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRiver habitat destruction (damming, channelization)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater pollution and sedimentation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnregulated wild collection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponsible aquarist guidelines\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurchase only legally sourced, captive-bred specimens (avoid wild-caught individuals)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNever release captive-bred fish into natural water bodies (to prevent genetic contamination and ecological disruption)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain stable captive conditions to reduce mortality and minimize the need for wild collection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46376989589693,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-001_aef9efb5-9eb3-4684-bf76-98622253a6df.png?v=1770043031"},{"product_id":"panda-loach-yaoshania-pachychilus","title":"Panda Loach - Yaoshania pachychilus","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"187\" data-start=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePanda Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e \/ Gold-Striped Loach\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"192\" data-start=\"189\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"216\" data-start=\"194\"\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"247\" data-start=\"218\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"247\" data-start=\"218\"\u003eScientific Classification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"249\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"249\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"251\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"261\" data-start=\"251\"\u003eOrder:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cypriniformes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"310\" data-start=\"278\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"310\" data-start=\"280\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"291\" data-start=\"280\"\u003eFamily:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gastromyzontidae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"337\" data-start=\"311\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"337\" data-start=\"313\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"323\" data-start=\"313\"\u003eGenus:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"335\" data-start=\"324\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"338\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"340\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"352\" data-start=\"340\"\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"353\"\u003eYaoshania pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"581\" data-start=\"378\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"401\" data-start=\"378\"\u003eYaoshania pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e is the only extant species within the genus \u003cem data-end=\"457\" data-start=\"446\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e. It was formerly classified as \u003cem data-end=\"513\" data-start=\"489\"\u003eProtomyzon pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e and later reassigned based on morphological and molecular evidence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"913\" data-start=\"583\"\u003eThe common names \u003cstrong data-end=\"617\" data-start=\"600\"\u003e“Panda Loach”\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"646\" data-start=\"622\"\u003e“Gold-Striped Loach”\u003c\/strong\u003e describe two black-and-white pattern phenotypes of the same species. Current evidence does not support species-level genetic divergence between these forms. Pattern variation is generally associated with geographic population differences and ontogenetic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"964\" data-start=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"964\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"930\" data-start=\"917\"\u003eEndemism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dayao Mountains, Guangxi, China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1008\" data-start=\"965\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1008\" data-start=\"967\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"982\" data-start=\"967\"\u003eAdult size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5–6.5 cm (rarely \u0026gt;7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1064\" data-start=\"1009\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1064\" data-start=\"1011\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1031\" data-start=\"1011\"\u003eEcological type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Benthic rheophilic stream fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"1065\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"1067\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1089\" data-start=\"1067\"\u003eProtection status:\u003c\/strong\u003e Class II National Protected Aquatic Wildlife (China)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1257\" data-start=\"1144\"\u003eWild populations have declined due to habitat disturbance. Individuals in legal trade are primarily captive-bred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1262\" data-start=\"1259\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1315\" data-start=\"1264\"\u003eII. Coloration and Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1342\" data-start=\"1317\"\u003eA. General Morphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1362\" data-start=\"1344\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1362\" data-start=\"1344\"\u003eBody Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1364\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1393\" data-start=\"1364\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1393\" data-start=\"1366\"\u003eAnterior body cylindrical\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1432\" data-start=\"1394\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1432\" data-start=\"1396\"\u003ePosterior body slightly compressed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1433\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1435\"\u003eVentral surface strongly flattened (adapted for adhesion)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1523\" data-start=\"1496\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1523\" data-start=\"1496\"\u003eHead \u0026amp; Sensory Features\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1525\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1547\" data-start=\"1525\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1547\" data-start=\"1527\"\u003eHead low and broad\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1565\" data-start=\"1548\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1565\" data-start=\"1550\"\u003eSnout rounded\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1614\" data-start=\"1566\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1614\" data-start=\"1568\"\u003eSnout length ≈ 1.5 × postorbital head length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1615\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1617\"\u003eEyes small, dorsolateral\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1684\" data-start=\"1645\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1684\" data-start=\"1645\"\u003eOral Structure (Diagnostic Feature)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1686\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1722\" data-start=\"1686\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1722\" data-start=\"1688\"\u003eMouth inferior, shallowly arched\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1750\" data-start=\"1723\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1750\" data-start=\"1725\"\u003eLips markedly thickened\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1771\" data-start=\"1751\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1771\" data-start=\"1753\"\u003eUpper lip smooth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1820\" data-start=\"1772\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1820\" data-start=\"1774\"\u003eLower lip with enlarged posterolateral lobes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1821\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1823\"\u003eAdapted for scraping periphyton from rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1894\" data-start=\"1877\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1894\" data-start=\"1877\"\u003eFins \u0026amp; Scales\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"1896\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1966\" data-start=\"1896\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1966\" data-start=\"1898\"\u003ePectoral and pelvic fins horizontally expanded (adhesive function)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2030\" data-start=\"1967\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2030\" data-start=\"1969\"\u003eDorsal and caudal fins translucent with fine black spotting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2071\" data-start=\"2031\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2071\" data-start=\"2033\"\u003eLateral line complete (70–79 scales)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"2072\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"2074\"\u003eBody coloration strictly black and white\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2121\" data-start=\"2118\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2148\" data-start=\"2123\"\u003eB. Pattern Phenotypes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-end=\"2189\" data-start=\"2150\"\u003e1. Panda Phenotype (Block Pattern)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2191\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2227\" data-start=\"2191\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2227\" data-start=\"2193\"\u003e3–4 broad black transverse bands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2276\" data-start=\"2228\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2276\" data-start=\"2230\"\u003eBands extend from dorsum to mid-lateral body\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2311\" data-start=\"2277\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2311\" data-start=\"2279\"\u003eWhite to off-white interspaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2312\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2314\"\u003ePattern typically stable from juvenile to adult\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-end=\"2412\" data-start=\"2365\"\u003e2. Gold-Striped Phenotype (Linear Pattern)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2414\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2471\" data-start=\"2414\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2471\" data-start=\"2416\"\u003eTransverse bands reduced to narrow longitudinal lines\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2506\" data-start=\"2472\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2506\" data-start=\"2474\"\u003eLines parallel along body axis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2535\" data-start=\"2507\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2535\" data-start=\"2509\"\u003eOccasionally reticulated\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2573\" data-start=\"2536\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2573\" data-start=\"2538\"\u003eOften develops at sub-adult stage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2574\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2576\"\u003eSome individuals transition from block pattern\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2734\" data-start=\"2626\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2648\" data-start=\"2626\"\u003eSexual dimorphism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Minimal. Females may exhibit slight abdominal distension during reproductive periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2739\" data-start=\"2736\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2773\" data-start=\"2741\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2805\" data-start=\"2775\"\u003eA. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2807\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2861\" data-start=\"2807\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2861\" data-start=\"2809\"\u003eEndemic to Dayao Mountains National Nature Reserve\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2907\" data-start=\"2862\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2907\" data-start=\"2864\"\u003eRestricted to connected tributary systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2908\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2910\"\u003eNo confirmed records outside Guangxi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3008\" data-start=\"2950\"\u003eRelative frequency of phenotypes varies among tributaries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3013\" data-start=\"3010\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3048\" data-start=\"3015\"\u003eB. Natural Habitat Conditions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3050\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3074\" data-start=\"3050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3074\" data-start=\"3052\"\u003eElevation: 200–800 m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3075\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3077\"\u003eWater type: Clear, fast-flowing mountain streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3158\" data-start=\"3128\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3158\" data-start=\"3130\"\u003eDissolved oxygen: ≥ 8 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3192\" data-start=\"3159\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3192\" data-start=\"3161\"\u003eSubstrate: Pebbles and gravel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3230\" data-start=\"3193\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3230\" data-start=\"3195\"\u003eAnnual temperature range: 16–22°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3256\" data-start=\"3231\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3256\" data-start=\"3233\"\u003eWinter minimum: ~10°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3257\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3259\"\u003eSummer maximum: ~26°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3343\" data-start=\"3284\"\u003eSensitive to temperature instability and water degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3348\" data-start=\"3345\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3377\" data-start=\"3350\"\u003eIV. Phenotype Comparison\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3389\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3407\" data-start=\"3389\"\u003ePanda Phenotype\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3407\"\u003eGold-Striped Phenotype\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3558\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3504\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003ePattern Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3529\" data-start=\"3504\"\u003eBroad transverse bands\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3558\" data-start=\"3529\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eNarrow longitudinal lines\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3640\" data-start=\"3559\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3573\" data-start=\"3559\"\u003eDevelopment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3603\" data-start=\"3573\"\u003ePresent from juvenile stage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3640\" data-start=\"3603\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eOften develops at sub-adult stage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3745\" data-start=\"3641\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3660\" data-start=\"3641\"\u003eHabitat Tendency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3704\" data-start=\"3660\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eMore common in high-flow core tributaries\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3745\" data-start=\"3704\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMore common in peripheral tributaries\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3746\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3759\" data-start=\"3746\"\u003eMorphology\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3771\" data-start=\"3759\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eIdentical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3771\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eIdentical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3843\" data-start=\"3786\"\u003eNo reproductive or genetic barrier has been demonstrated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3848\" data-start=\"3845\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3876\" data-start=\"3850\"\u003eV. Husbandry Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3901\" data-start=\"3878\"\u003eA. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3918\" data-start=\"3903\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3918\" data-start=\"3903\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3919\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3937\" data-start=\"3919\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3937\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003eRange: 18–24°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3938\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3940\"\u003eOptimal: 20–22°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3959\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3961\"\u003eProlonged \u0026gt;28°C: lethal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4001\" data-start=\"3988\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4001\" data-start=\"3988\"\u003eChemistry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4002\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4017\" data-start=\"4002\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4017\" data-start=\"4004\"\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4040\" data-start=\"4018\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4040\" data-start=\"4020\"\u003eHardness: 5–15°dGH\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4063\" data-start=\"4041\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4063\" data-start=\"4043\"\u003eAmmonia\/Nitrite: 0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4064\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4066\"\u003eNitrate: ≤20 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4104\" data-start=\"4087\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4104\" data-start=\"4087\"\u003eFlow \u0026amp; Oxygen\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4105\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4133\" data-start=\"4105\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4133\" data-start=\"4107\"\u003eDissolved oxygen ≥7 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4134\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4136\"\u003eModerate–strong current recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4191\" data-start=\"4175\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4191\" data-start=\"4175\"\u003eWater Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4192\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4209\" data-start=\"4192\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4209\" data-start=\"4194\"\u003e25–30% weekly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4210\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4212\"\u003eTemperature variation ≤2–3°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4247\" data-start=\"4244\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4263\" data-start=\"4249\"\u003eB. Feeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4313\" data-start=\"4265\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4279\" data-start=\"4265\"\u003eDiet Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Omnivorous (herbivorous tendency)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4331\" data-start=\"4315\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4331\" data-start=\"4315\"\u003ePrimary Diet\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4332\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4352\" data-start=\"4332\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4352\" data-start=\"4334\"\u003ePeriphyton algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4382\" data-start=\"4353\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4382\" data-start=\"4355\"\u003eAlgae-based sinking foods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4383\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4385\"\u003eSpirulina wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4433\" data-start=\"4405\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4433\" data-start=\"4405\"\u003eSupplement (2–3× weekly)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4434\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4455\" data-start=\"4434\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4455\" data-start=\"4436\"\u003eFrozen bloodworms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4456\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4458\"\u003eBrine shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4550\" data-start=\"4474\"\u003eDeliver food directly to the substrate. Avoid high-fat or high-starch feeds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4555\" data-start=\"4552\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4578\" data-start=\"4557\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4596\" data-start=\"4580\"\u003eA. Tank Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4598\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4630\" data-start=\"4598\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4630\" data-start=\"4600\"\u003e40 cm tank (3–5 individuals)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4631\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4633\"\u003e60 cm+ recommended for groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4669\" data-start=\"4666\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4687\" data-start=\"4671\"\u003eB. Substrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4689\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4726\" data-start=\"4689\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4726\" data-start=\"4691\"\u003eDark sand or fine gravel (3–5 mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4755\" data-start=\"4727\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4755\" data-start=\"4729\"\u003eMimics natural streambed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4756\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4758\"\u003eEnhances visual contrast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4789\" data-start=\"4786\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4816\" data-start=\"4791\"\u003eC. Hardscape \u0026amp; Plants\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4818\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4852\" data-start=\"4818\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4852\" data-start=\"4820\"\u003eSmooth stones forming crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4893\" data-start=\"4853\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4893\" data-start=\"4855\"\u003eSparse planting (moss, \u003cem data-end=\"4890\" data-start=\"4878\"\u003eMicrosorum\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4894\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4896\"\u003eAvoid excessive planting that reduces flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4945\" data-start=\"4942\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4963\" data-start=\"4947\"\u003eD. Equipment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"4965\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4997\" data-start=\"4965\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4997\" data-start=\"4967\"\u003eStrong biological filtration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5035\" data-start=\"4998\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5035\" data-start=\"5000\"\u003eWave maker for current simulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5061\" data-start=\"5036\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5061\" data-start=\"5038\"\u003eSupplemental aeration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"5062\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"5064\"\u003eChiller in warm climates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5154\" data-start=\"5092\"\u003eNot suitable for stagnant or high-temperature planted systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5159\" data-start=\"5156\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5192\" data-start=\"5161\"\u003eVII. Community Compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5216\" data-start=\"5194\"\u003eSuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5218\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5243\" data-start=\"5218\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5243\" data-start=\"5220\"\u003eNon-aggressive gobies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5280\" data-start=\"5244\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5280\" data-start=\"5246\"\u003eSimilar-sized hillstream loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5308\" data-start=\"5281\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5308\" data-start=\"5283\"\u003eSmall mid-water species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5309\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5311\"\u003eNon-invasive invertebrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5365\" data-start=\"5341\"\u003eUnsuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5367\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5367\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5369\"\u003ePredatory fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5416\" data-start=\"5386\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5416\" data-start=\"5388\"\u003eAggressive benthic species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5417\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5419\"\u003eHigh-bioload warm-water fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5498\" data-start=\"5451\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5472\" data-start=\"5451\"\u003eStocking density:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1–2 individuals per 10 L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5503\" data-start=\"5500\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5526\" data-start=\"5505\"\u003eVIII. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5550\" data-start=\"5528\"\u003eA. Wild Conditions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5552\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5574\" data-start=\"5552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5574\" data-start=\"5554\"\u003eSeason: April–June\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5599\" data-start=\"5575\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5599\" data-start=\"5577\"\u003eTemperature: 22–26°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5635\" data-start=\"5600\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5635\" data-start=\"5602\"\u003eEggs deposited on rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5653\" data-start=\"5636\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5653\" data-start=\"5638\"\u003eAdhesive eggs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5674\" data-start=\"5654\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5674\" data-start=\"5656\"\u003eNo parental care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5675\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5677\"\u003eIncubation: 7–10 days\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5705\" data-start=\"5702\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5730\" data-start=\"5707\"\u003eB. Captive Breeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5767\" data-start=\"5732\"\u003eAchieved but technically demanding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5786\" data-start=\"5769\"\u003eKey requirements:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5805\" data-start=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5805\" data-start=\"5789\"\u003eStrong current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5826\" data-start=\"5806\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5826\" data-start=\"5808\"\u003eHigh oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5848\" data-start=\"5827\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5848\" data-start=\"5829\"\u003e22–24°C stability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5884\" data-start=\"5849\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5884\" data-start=\"5851\"\u003eSmooth stone spawning substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5885\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5887\"\u003eEgg separation post-spawning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5922\" data-start=\"5919\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5952\" data-start=\"5924\"\u003eIX. Health Considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6030\" data-start=\"5954\"\u003eHighly sensitive to chemical treatments. Environmental correction preferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"6032\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"6032\"\u003eCommon Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6083\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6083\" data-start=\"6052\"\u003eIch (temperature instability)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6114\" data-start=\"6084\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6114\" data-start=\"6086\"\u003eEnteritis (diet imbalance)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6115\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6117\"\u003eHypoxia (oxygen deficiency)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6198\" data-start=\"6148\"\u003eQuarantine new fish 7–10 days before introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6203\" data-start=\"6200\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6230\" data-start=\"6205\"\u003eX. Conservation Status\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6285\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6285\" data-start=\"6234\"\u003eClass II National Protected Species (China, 2021)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6286\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6288\"\u003eWild collection and trade prohibited\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6344\" data-start=\"6328\"\u003ePrimary threats:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6345\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6369\" data-start=\"6345\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6369\" data-start=\"6347\"\u003eHabitat modification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6370\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6372\"\u003eOver-collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6457\" data-start=\"6391\"\u003eCaptive-bred individuals must not be released into natural waters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6462\" data-start=\"6459\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6485\" data-start=\"6464\"\u003eXI. Taxonomic Note\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6630\" data-start=\"6487\"\u003eOriginally assigned to \u003cem data-end=\"6522\" data-start=\"6510\"\u003eProtomyzon\u003c\/em\u003e, reclassified in 2012 as the sole species of \u003cem data-end=\"6579\" data-start=\"6568\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e based on morphological and molecular distinctions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6749\" data-start=\"6632\"\u003ePhenotypic variation is interpreted as geographic and developmental differentiation rather than taxonomic separation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46381373325501,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-003_eef5abc0-1ae0-4b7e-a42b-362a9cdd4275.png?v=1770220969"},{"product_id":"beaufortia-virgata-green-zebra-loach-encyclopedia","title":"Beaufortia virgata (Green Zebra Loach) Encyclopedia","description":"\u003ch2 data-end=\"304\" data-start=\"181\"\u003eBeaufortia virgata (Green Zebra Loach) Encyclopedia\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"304\" data-start=\"181\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"203\" data-start=\"181\"\u003eBeaufortia virgata\u003c\/strong\u003e, commonly known as the \u003cstrong data-end=\"248\" data-start=\"227\"\u003eGreen Zebra Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e, is a freshwater \u003cstrong data-end=\"286\" data-start=\"266\"\u003ehillstream loach\u003c\/strong\u003e endemic to China.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"304\" data-start=\"181\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"392\" data-start=\"306\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"318\" data-start=\"306\"\u003eTaxonomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"321\" data-start=\"318\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003cbr data-end=\"344\" data-start=\"341\"\u003eFamily: Gastromyzontidae\u003cbr data-end=\"371\" data-start=\"368\"\u003eGenus: \u003cem data-end=\"390\" data-start=\"378\"\u003eBeaufortia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"573\" data-start=\"394\"\u003eThe species was formally described in 2024 by the research team led by Professor Tang Wenqiao of Shanghai Ocean University and published in \u003cem data-end=\"572\" data-start=\"534\"\u003eZoological Systematics and Evolution\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"861\" data-start=\"575\"\u003eAs a benthic fish specialized for \u003cstrong data-end=\"633\" data-start=\"609\"\u003efast-flowing streams\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cem data-end=\"647\" data-start=\"635\"\u003eB. virgata\u003c\/em\u003e inhabits clear, \u003cstrong data-end=\"679\" data-start=\"664\"\u003ehigh-oxygen\u003c\/strong\u003e mountain waters and exhibits strong habitat dependence. Although not nationally protected, its restricted distribution and fragile habitat make it a species of conservation concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1085\" data-start=\"863\"\u003eAdults reach 5–8 cm in length and possess both ornamental and research value. Captive maintenance requires simulation of a \u003cstrong data-end=\"1024\" data-start=\"986\"\u003ehigh-flow, high-oxygen environment\u003c\/strong\u003e, making it moderately demanding for inexperienced aquarists.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1090\" data-start=\"1087\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1127\" data-start=\"1092\"\u003eI. Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1205\" data-start=\"1129\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1149\" data-start=\"1129\"\u003eBeaufortia virgata\u003c\/em\u003e exhibits pronounced specialization for rheophilic life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1442\" data-start=\"1207\"\u003eThe body is strongly dorsoventrally flattened. The head and abdomen allow firm adhesion to rock surfaces. Pectoral and pelvic fins form a \u003cstrong data-end=\"1361\" data-start=\"1345\"\u003esuction disc\u003c\/strong\u003e structure supported by thickened fin rays, enabling stability in strong current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1634\" data-start=\"1444\"\u003eThe mouth is inferior and adapted for scraping algae and biofilm. Eyes are dorsally positioned. The species is \u003cstrong data-end=\"1568\" data-start=\"1555\"\u003escaleless\u003c\/strong\u003e, and its mucus layer reduces friction while enhancing camouflage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1719\" data-start=\"1636\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong data-end=\"1656\" data-start=\"1640\"\u003elateral line\u003c\/strong\u003e is complete and well developed, functioning in flow detection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1724\" data-start=\"1721\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1768\" data-start=\"1726\"\u003eII. Coloration and Geographic Variation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1880\" data-start=\"1770\"\u003eThe defining ornamental feature is its \u003cstrong data-end=\"1834\" data-start=\"1809\"\u003egreen base coloration\u003c\/strong\u003e combined with zebra-like transverse striping.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2075\" data-start=\"1882\"\u003eHealthy adults display a deep green tone with cyan iridescence under optimal conditions. The body bears irregular \u003cstrong data-end=\"2022\" data-start=\"1996\"\u003etransverse black bands\u003c\/strong\u003e approximately 2–3 mm wide, creating strong contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2105\" data-start=\"2077\"\u003eGeographic variation occurs:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2228\" data-start=\"2107\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2160\" data-start=\"2107\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2160\" data-start=\"2109\"\u003eGuangxi populations: 6–8 bands with wider spacing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2228\" data-start=\"2161\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2228\" data-start=\"2163\"\u003eYunnan populations: 10–12 narrower bands with stronger contrast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2305\" data-start=\"2230\"\u003eThe abdomen is pale yellowish without markings, forming a natural gradient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2310\" data-start=\"2307\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2344\" data-start=\"2312\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2469\" data-start=\"2346\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"2366\" data-start=\"2346\"\u003eBeaufortia virgata\u003c\/em\u003e is endemic to karst mountain streams along the Guangxi–Yunnan border within the \u003cstrong data-end=\"2468\" data-start=\"2447\"\u003ePearl River basin\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2561\" data-start=\"2471\"\u003eDue to geographic isolation, populations exhibit limited gene flow and regional variation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2597\" data-start=\"2563\"\u003eNative Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-end=\"2968\" data-start=\"2599\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2740\" data-start=\"2599\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2740\" data-start=\"2602\"\u003eWater Flow and Dissolved Oxygen\u003cbr data-end=\"2636\" data-start=\"2633\"\u003ePrefers riffles with \u003cstrong data-end=\"2689\" data-start=\"2660\"\u003edissolved oxygen ≥ 8 mg\/L\u003c\/strong\u003e and current velocity of approximately 0.3–0.8 m\/s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2826\" data-start=\"2742\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2826\" data-start=\"2745\"\u003eWater Quality\u003cbr data-end=\"2761\" data-start=\"2758\"\u003epH 6.5–7.5; hardness 5–15 °dGH; ammonia and nitrite near zero.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2893\" data-start=\"2828\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2893\" data-start=\"2831\"\u003eTemperature\u003cbr data-end=\"2845\" data-start=\"2842\"\u003eNatural range 14–24 °C; rarely exceeds 27 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2968\" data-start=\"2895\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2968\" data-start=\"2898\"\u003eSubstrate\u003cbr data-end=\"2910\" data-start=\"2907\"\u003eSmooth gravel (3–10 mm) covered with algae and biofilm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2973\" data-start=\"2970\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3012\" data-start=\"2975\"\u003eIV. Similar Species Identification\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col data-end=\"3234\" data-start=\"3014\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3135\" data-start=\"3014\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3135\" data-start=\"3017\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"3043\" data-start=\"3017\"\u003eBeaufortia kweichowensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3046\" data-start=\"3043\"\u003eBrown base coloration without green tone; irregular spots instead of transverse bands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3234\" data-start=\"3137\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3234\" data-start=\"3140\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"3163\" data-start=\"3140\"\u003eSinogastromyzon pingi\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3166\" data-start=\"3163\"\u003eLongitudinal striping pattern; slimmer body; prefers slower flow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3239\" data-start=\"3236\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3272\" data-start=\"3241\"\u003eV. Artificial Breeding Guide\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3294\" data-start=\"3274\"\u003eWater Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3407\" data-start=\"3296\"\u003eMaintain temperature at 18–24 °C (optimal 20–22 °C) with minimal fluctuation. Ensure dissolved oxygen ≥ 7 mg\/L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3453\" data-start=\"3409\"\u003eWeekly 25–30% water changes are recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3466\" data-start=\"3455\"\u003eFeeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3618\" data-start=\"3468\"\u003eA \u003cstrong data-end=\"3499\" data-start=\"3470\"\u003ebenthic algivorous grazer\u003c\/strong\u003e, feeding primarily on attached algae and biofilm. Supplement sparingly with spirulina-based sinking feed if necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3623\" data-start=\"3620\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3644\" data-start=\"3625\"\u003eVI. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3716\" data-start=\"3646\"\u003eWild reproduction is presumed to occur from April to June at 22–26 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3826\" data-start=\"3718\"\u003eEggs are adhesive and deposited on rock surfaces in flowing water. Artificial breeding remains experimental.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3831\" data-start=\"3828\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3858\" data-start=\"3833\"\u003eVII. Health Management\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4068\" data-start=\"3860\"\u003eAs a \u003cstrong data-end=\"3886\" data-start=\"3865\"\u003escaleless species\u003c\/strong\u003e, it is sensitive to medication. Preventive care and stable water conditions are critical. Emphasis should be placed on water quality and oxygenation before pharmaceutical treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4073\" data-start=\"4070\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4123\" data-start=\"4075\"\u003eVIII. Conservation Status and Ethical Keeping\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4191\" data-start=\"4125\"\u003eAlthough not nationally protected, habitat degradation poses risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4216\" data-start=\"4193\"\u003eKey ethical principles:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4332\" data-start=\"4218\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4253\" data-start=\"4218\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4253\" data-start=\"4220\"\u003ePrefer captive-bred individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4279\" data-start=\"4254\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4279\" data-start=\"4256\"\u003eAvoid wild collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4332\" data-start=\"4280\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4332\" data-start=\"4282\"\u003eDo not release captive fish into natural systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4337\" data-start=\"4334\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4366\" data-start=\"4339\"\u003eIX. Taxonomic Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4547\" data-start=\"4368\"\u003eMolecular analysis revealed approximately \u003cstrong data-end=\"4438\" data-start=\"4410\"\u003e5.20% genetic divergence\u003c\/strong\u003e from related congeners, supporting species recognition. The epithet \u003cem data-end=\"4516\" data-start=\"4507\"\u003evirgata\u003c\/em\u003e refers to its striped pattern.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46383262924989,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-023.png?v=1770274706"},{"product_id":"comprehensive-profile-of-myers-hillstream-loach","title":"Comprehensive Profile of Myers’ Hillstream Loach","description":"\u003ch2 data-end=\"155\" data-start=\"127\"\u003eMyers’ Hillstream Loach\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"213\" data-start=\"156\"\u003eScientific name: \u003cem data-end=\"199\" data-start=\"173\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon myersi\u003c\/em\u003e Herre, 1932\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"243\" data-start=\"215\"\u003eTaxonomic Classification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"422\" data-start=\"245\"\u003eKingdom: Animalia\u003cbr data-end=\"265\" data-start=\"262\"\u003ePhylum: Chordata\u003cbr data-end=\"284\" data-start=\"281\"\u003eClass: Osteichthyes\u003cbr data-end=\"306\" data-start=\"303\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003cbr data-end=\"329\" data-start=\"326\"\u003eFamily: Gastromyzontidae\u003cbr data-end=\"356\" data-start=\"353\"\u003eGenus: \u003cem data-end=\"382\" data-start=\"363\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"385\" data-start=\"382\"\u003eSpecies: \u003cem data-end=\"420\" data-start=\"394\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon myersi\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"422\" data-start=\"245\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"420\" data-start=\"394\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"769\" data-start=\"424\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"450\" data-start=\"424\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon myersi\u003c\/em\u003e is a Chinese endemic freshwater species. Owing to its bright golden fins edged with fine red margins during peak coloration, it has become a highly sought-after species among native hillstream fish enthusiasts and is regarded as a relatively localized but well-known species of the genus among native fish enthusiasts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"924\" data-start=\"771\"\u003eThis profile covers taxonomy, morphology, coloration, distribution, habitat ecology, species differentiation, husbandry, and conservation considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"929\" data-start=\"926\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"953\" data-start=\"931\"\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1119\" data-start=\"955\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"981\" data-start=\"955\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon myersi\u003c\/em\u003e has no recognized subspecies. Within the genus, it is considered a relatively localized but well-known species among native fish keepers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1341\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eAlthough it is not currently listed as a nationally protected species in China, localized wild populations have declined in certain areas due to habitat degradation, hydraulic engineering, and historical wild collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1477\" data-start=\"1343\"\u003eMost specimens in the aquarium trade today are captive-bred. Wild populations should be strictly protected to prevent further decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1482\" data-start=\"1479\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1516\" data-start=\"1484\"\u003eII. Morphology and Coloration\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1644\" data-start=\"1518\"\u003eAdult size typically ranges from 5–7 cm. The body is dorsoventrally flattened, an adaptation to fast-flowing mountain streams.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1667\" data-start=\"1646\"\u003e1. Body Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1948\" data-start=\"1669\"\u003eThe body is compact and moderately broad, with balanced body height and width. Compared with \u003cem data-end=\"1772\" data-start=\"1762\"\u003eP. fangi\u003c\/em\u003e, the dorsal tubercles on the snout are finer and denser. The caudal peduncle is short and sturdy, but the overall body appears lighter and less robust than that of \u003cem data-end=\"1947\" data-start=\"1937\"\u003eP. fangi\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2308\" data-start=\"1950\"\u003eThe mouth is modified into a ventral adhesive disc. Although relatively small, it provides strong suction for clinging to rocks in fast currents. The species is scaleless, with a thick mucus layer that reduces friction and enhances protection. Eyes are dorsolateral and small. The dorsal fin is rounded at the edge, and the caudal fin is obliquely truncated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2339\" data-start=\"2310\"\u003e2. Coloration and Pattern\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2399\" data-start=\"2341\"\u003eThe primary ornamental feature lies in its fin coloration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2770\" data-start=\"2401\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2410\" data-start=\"2401\"\u003eFins:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2413\" data-start=\"2410\"\u003eDuring peak coloration (commonly in spring and autumn under optimal water conditions), the dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic fins display a bright golden-yellow tone. The dorsal fin typically shows a golden inner area with a distinct narrow red margin along the outer edge. In some individuals, faint red edging may also appear on the pectoral and pelvic fins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2878\" data-start=\"2772\"\u003eNotably, there is no black margin, which helps distinguish it from certain congeners such as \u003cem data-end=\"2875\" data-start=\"2865\"\u003eP. fangi\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3015\" data-start=\"2880\"\u003eOutside peak coloration, the fins fade to pale gold and the red edging becomes less pronounced, though the yellow base remains visible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3293\" data-start=\"3017\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3037\" data-start=\"3017\"\u003eBody coloration:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3040\" data-start=\"3037\"\u003eThe base color is usually yellowish-brown, occasionally grayish. The flanks are covered with fine, irregular dark speckles forming a “dots anteriorly, short bars posteriorly” pattern. Compared with \u003cem data-end=\"3248\" data-start=\"3238\"\u003eP. fangi\u003c\/em\u003e, the spots are generally smaller and denser.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3298\" data-start=\"3295\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3340\" data-start=\"3300\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Natural Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3372\" data-start=\"3342\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3607\" data-start=\"3374\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"3400\" data-start=\"3374\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon myersi\u003c\/em\u003e has a relatively concentrated distribution centered in southern China. It occurs primarily within the Pearl River drainage system, including tributaries of the Bei Jiang, Xi Jiang, and Dong Jiang systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3764\" data-start=\"3609\"\u003eIt is native to mountain streams of Guangdong and parts of Guangxi Province. Within suitable habitats—clear, fast-flowing streams—it can be locally common.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3804\" data-start=\"3766\"\u003e2. Natural Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3879\" data-start=\"3806\"\u003eThis species inhabits upper-stream mountain sections with strong current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3989\" data-start=\"3881\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3896\" data-start=\"3881\"\u003eWater flow:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3899\" data-start=\"3896\"\u003eModerate to strong current (approximately 0.3–0.7 m\/s), typically in shallow riffle zones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4140\" data-start=\"3991\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4011\" data-start=\"3991\"\u003eWater chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4014\" data-start=\"4011\"\u003epH 6.0–7.2 (slightly acidic to neutral)\u003cbr data-end=\"4056\" data-start=\"4053\"\u003eHardness 4–10 °dGH\u003cbr data-end=\"4077\" data-start=\"4074\"\u003eDissolved oxygen ≥ 7 mg\/L\u003cbr data-end=\"4105\" data-start=\"4102\"\u003eExtremely low ammonia and nitrite\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4209\" data-start=\"4142\"\u003eIt is more sensitive to water quality fluctuations than \u003cem data-end=\"4208\" data-start=\"4198\"\u003eP. fangi\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4298\" data-start=\"4211\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4225\" data-start=\"4211\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4228\" data-start=\"4225\"\u003eSmooth gravel 2–8 mm in diameter, often coated with biofilm and algae.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4439\" data-start=\"4300\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4316\" data-start=\"4300\"\u003eTemperature:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4319\" data-start=\"4316\"\u003eNatural range 13–23 °C\u003cbr data-end=\"4344\" data-start=\"4341\"\u003eSuitable captive range: 19–26 °C\u003cbr data-end=\"4379\" data-start=\"4376\"\u003eLong-term exposure above 28 °C should be strictly avoided.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4496\" data-start=\"4441\"\u003eSudden temperature shifts may trigger stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4501\" data-start=\"4498\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4544\" data-start=\"4503\"\u003eIV. Similar Species and Identification\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4617\" data-start=\"4546\"\u003eThe most easily confused species is \u003cem data-end=\"4616\" data-start=\"4582\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon changtingensis\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4646\" data-start=\"4619\"\u003eKey diagnostic differences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col data-end=\"5265\" data-start=\"4648\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4827\" data-start=\"4648\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4827\" data-start=\"4651\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4685\" data-start=\"4651\"\u003eFin coloration (most visible):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4688\" data-start=\"4685\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"4702\" data-start=\"4691\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e — golden base with fine red margin, no black edging\u003cbr data-end=\"4757\" data-start=\"4754\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"4779\" data-start=\"4760\"\u003eP. changtingensis\u003c\/em\u003e — orange-yellow fins with thick black margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5019\" data-start=\"4829\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5019\" data-start=\"4832\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4849\" data-start=\"4832\"\u003eBody pattern:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"4852\" data-start=\"4849\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"4866\" data-start=\"4855\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e — fine, dense speckles; anterior dots transitioning to posterior bars\u003cbr data-end=\"4939\" data-start=\"4936\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"4961\" data-start=\"4942\"\u003eP. changtingensis\u003c\/em\u003e — longitudinally aligned markings, denser head spotting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5142\" data-start=\"5021\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5142\" data-start=\"5024\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5038\" data-start=\"5024\"\u003eBody form:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5041\" data-start=\"5038\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"5055\" data-start=\"5044\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e — compact and moderately broad\u003cbr data-end=\"5089\" data-start=\"5086\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"5111\" data-start=\"5092\"\u003eP. changtingensis\u003c\/em\u003e — slimmer and more elongated\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5265\" data-start=\"5144\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5265\" data-start=\"5147\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5164\" data-start=\"5147\"\u003eDistribution:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"5167\" data-start=\"5164\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"5181\" data-start=\"5170\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e — Pearl River drainage\u003cbr data-end=\"5207\" data-start=\"5204\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"5229\" data-start=\"5210\"\u003eP. changtingensis\u003c\/em\u003e — restricted to Changting, Fujian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5270\" data-start=\"5267\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5292\" data-start=\"5272\"\u003eV. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5335\" data-start=\"5294\"\u003eA hillstream-style aquarium is essential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5427\" data-start=\"5337\"\u003eMinimum tank size: 40 × 25 × 30 cm\u003cbr data-end=\"5374\" data-start=\"5371\"\u003eFor groups of five or more: 60 cm length recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5527\" data-start=\"5429\"\u003eUse 2–8 mm natural river gravel (3–5 cm depth). Avoid fine sand, which may clog the adhesive disc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5683\" data-start=\"5529\"\u003eArrange smooth rocks to create flow breaks and hiding crevices. All sharp edges should be removed, as this species is scaleless and sensitive to abrasion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5810\" data-start=\"5685\"\u003eLimited use of flow-tolerant plants such as moss or \u003cem data-end=\"5746\" data-start=\"5737\"\u003eAnubias\u003c\/em\u003e is acceptable, provided water circulation remains unobstructed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5815\" data-start=\"5812\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5840\" data-start=\"5817\"\u003eVI. Water Parameters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5955\" data-start=\"5842\"\u003eTemperature: 19–26 °C (optimal range for coloration and health)\u003cbr data-end=\"5908\" data-start=\"5905\"\u003eStrictly avoid long-term exposure above 28 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6021\" data-start=\"5957\"\u003epH: 6.0–7.2\u003cbr data-end=\"5971\" data-start=\"5968\"\u003eHardness: 4–10 °dGH\u003cbr data-end=\"5993\" data-start=\"5990\"\u003eDissolved oxygen: ≥ 7 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6124\" data-start=\"6023\"\u003eWeekly water changes of 25–30% are recommended, ensuring temperature difference does not exceed 2 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6194\" data-start=\"6126\"\u003eStable parameters are critical due to the species’ high sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6199\" data-start=\"6196\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6230\" data-start=\"6201\"\u003eVII. Feeding and Tankmates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6299\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"6243\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e is primarily herbivorous, grazing on algae and biofilm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6468\" data-start=\"6301\"\u003eProvide 8–10 hours of moderate lighting to promote natural algae growth. Supplement 2–3 times weekly with spirulina wafers or plant-based sinking pellets if necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6573\" data-start=\"6470\"\u003eHigh-protein foods such as bloodworms or brine shrimp should be avoided to prevent digestive disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6606\" data-start=\"6575\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6606\" data-start=\"6575\"\u003eSuitable tankmates include:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6776\" data-start=\"6608\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6644\" data-start=\"6608\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6644\" data-start=\"6610\"\u003eSmall peaceful hillstream gobies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6684\" data-start=\"6645\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6684\" data-start=\"6647\"\u003eOther compatible hillstream loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6711\" data-start=\"6685\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6711\" data-start=\"6687\"\u003eVarious stream loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6746\" data-start=\"6712\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6746\" data-start=\"6714\"\u003eSmall native mid-water species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6776\" data-start=\"6747\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6776\" data-start=\"6749\"\u003eFreshwater shrimp species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6860\" data-start=\"6778\"\u003eAvoid aggressive fish, large bottom-dwelling species, and warm slow-water species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6865\" data-start=\"6862\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6888\" data-start=\"6867\"\u003eVIII. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7035\" data-start=\"6890\"\u003eIn the wild, spawning typically occurs from April to June when water temperatures reach 21–25 °C and dissolved oxygen levels are high (≥ 8 mg\/L).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7119\" data-start=\"7037\"\u003eEggs are deposited on smooth stones in high-flow zones. There is no parental care.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7179\" data-start=\"7121\"\u003eCaptive breeding remains rare and technically challenging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7184\" data-start=\"7181\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7210\" data-start=\"7186\"\u003eIX. Health Management\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7282\" data-start=\"7212\"\u003eAs a scaleless species, \u003cem data-end=\"7247\" data-start=\"7236\"\u003eP. myersi\u003c\/em\u003e is highly sensitive to medication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7306\" data-start=\"7284\"\u003eCommon issues include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7454\" data-start=\"7308\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7382\" data-start=\"7308\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7382\" data-start=\"7310\"\u003eIch (treated via gradual temperature elevation and increased aeration)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7415\" data-start=\"7383\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7415\" data-start=\"7385\"\u003eEnteritis from improper diet\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7454\" data-start=\"7416\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7454\" data-start=\"7418\"\u003eSecondary infections from abrasion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7537\" data-start=\"7456\"\u003ePreventive care and water stability are more effective than aggressive treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7542\" data-start=\"7539\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7582\" data-start=\"7544\"\u003eX. Conservation and Ethical Keeping\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7686\" data-start=\"7584\"\u003eAlthough not legally protected, the species’ restricted distribution makes it ecologically vulnerable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7705\" data-start=\"7688\"\u003eAquarists should:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"7878\" data-start=\"7707\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7742\" data-start=\"7707\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7742\" data-start=\"7709\"\u003ePrefer captive-bred individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7768\" data-start=\"7743\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7768\" data-start=\"7745\"\u003eAvoid wild collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7822\" data-start=\"7769\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7822\" data-start=\"7771\"\u003eNever release captive fish into natural waterways\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7878\" data-start=\"7823\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7878\" data-start=\"7825\"\u003ePromote awareness of native freshwater conservation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7974\" data-start=\"7880\"\u003eResponsible husbandry contributes to long-term preservation of native hillstream biodiversity.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46389596356797,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-022_94030640-67b3-411d-b3fe-7f471cc549a8.png?v=1770481992"},{"product_id":"micronemacheilus-pulcher-encyclopedic-profile-species-overview","title":"Micronemacheilus pulcher Encyclopedic Profile Species Overview","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1855\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1884\"\u003eI. Micronemacheilus pulcher Encyclopedic Profile Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1855\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"420\" data-start=\"394\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1922\"\u003eMicronemacheilus pulcher belongs to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"2047\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"1944\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1926\" data-end=\"1944\"\u003ePhylum: Chordata\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1968\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"1968\"\u003eClass: Osteichthyes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1969\" data-end=\"1993\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"1993\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2019\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2019\"\u003eFamily: Nemacheilidae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2020\" data-end=\"2047\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2047\"\u003eGenus: Micronemacheilus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2120\"\u003eIt is a small native freshwater stream fish distributed in South China.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2310\"\u003eThe type locality is Hainan Island. The species occurs primarily in the Pearl River system and on Hainan Island, inhabiting slow-flowing streams, small rivers, and vegetated calm sections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2351\"\u003eWild populations are considered stable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2353\" data-end=\"2356\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2390\"\u003eII. Morphology and Coloration\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2492\"\u003eAdult size typically reaches 5–7 cm.\u003cbr data-start=\"2428\" data-end=\"2431\"\u003eBody slender and streamlined; caudal fin slightly emarginate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2494\" data-end=\"2619\"\u003ePelvic fin origin positioned opposite the first or second branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic fins usually do not reach the anus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2723\"\u003eSwim bladder posterior chamber well developed. Intestine U-shaped, consistent with omnivorous feeding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2725\" data-end=\"2728\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2730\" data-end=\"2744\"\u003eColoration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2776\"\u003eBase coloration light reddish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2824\"\u003eDorsum and flanks bear reddish-brown blotches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2826\" data-end=\"2938\"\u003eAlong the lateral line runs a row of peacock-green transverse bars, sometimes showing subtle bluish iridescence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2940\" data-end=\"3111\"\u003eCaudal base contains a dark brown round spot.\u003cbr data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"2988\"\u003eTwo brown bands extend along upper and lower caudal lobes, visually connecting with dorsal blotches and lateral green band.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3113\" data-end=\"3194\"\u003eIn non-breeding condition, overall tone appears grey-red with subtle green sheen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3196\" data-end=\"3219\"\u003eDuring peak coloration:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3350\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3260\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3223\" data-end=\"3260\"\u003eBody shifts toward warmer red tones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3261\" data-end=\"3299\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3263\" data-end=\"3299\"\u003eFins become orange-red to deep red\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3300\" data-end=\"3350\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3302\" data-end=\"3350\"\u003eGradual red diffusion replaces grey undertones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3406\"\u003eBreeding males develop tubercles on pectoral fin rays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3408\" data-end=\"3411\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3413\" data-end=\"3453\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Natural Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3455\" data-end=\"3470\"\u003eDistributed in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3588\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3524\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3524\"\u003ePearl River basin (Xijiang, Beijiang, Dongjiang)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3525\" data-end=\"3542\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3527\" data-end=\"3542\"\u003eHainan Island\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3543\" data-end=\"3588\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3545\" data-end=\"3588\"\u003eYuanjiang, Hanjiang, Jiulongjiang systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3590\" data-end=\"3646\"\u003eInhabits slow-flowing or calm vegetated stream sections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3665\"\u003eHabitat features:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3667\" data-end=\"3789\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3667\" data-end=\"3682\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3669\" data-end=\"3682\"\u003eClear water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3683\" data-end=\"3717\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3685\" data-end=\"3717\"\u003eSand and fine gravel substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3718\" data-end=\"3745\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3720\" data-end=\"3745\"\u003eAbundant aquatic plants\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3746\" data-end=\"3789\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3748\" data-end=\"3789\"\u003eWell-oxygenated but not torrential flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3791\" data-end=\"3834\"\u003eAdaptability considered moderate to strong.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3836\" data-end=\"3839\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3841\" data-end=\"3868\"\u003eIV. Behavior and Ecology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3870\" data-end=\"3895\"\u003eBenthic cruising species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3897\" data-end=\"3906\"\u003eFeeds on:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3908\" data-end=\"3962\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3908\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003eAlgae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3941\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"3941\"\u003eSmall invertebrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3942\" data-end=\"3962\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3944\" data-end=\"3962\"\u003eOrganic detritus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4017\"\u003eTemperament peaceful; no strong territorial behavior.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4019\" data-end=\"4022\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4024\" data-end=\"4050\"\u003eV. Feeding in Captivity\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4052\" data-end=\"4063\"\u003eOmnivorous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4073\"\u003eAccepts:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4075\" data-end=\"4130\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4075\" data-end=\"4094\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4077\" data-end=\"4094\"\u003eSinking pellets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4095\" data-end=\"4113\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4097\" data-end=\"4113\"\u003ePrepared feeds\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4114\" data-end=\"4130\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4116\" data-end=\"4130\"\u003eFrozen foods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4132\" data-end=\"4169\"\u003eModerate current enhances coloration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4171\" data-end=\"4174\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4176\" data-end=\"4193\"\u003eVI. Tank Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4195\" data-end=\"4234\"\u003eRecommended tank size: 60 cm or larger.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4236\" data-end=\"4246\"\u003eSubstrate:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4293\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4293\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4293\"\u003eFine sand mixed with small rounded gravel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4295\" data-end=\"4316\"\u003eAquascaping elements:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4318\" data-end=\"4419\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4318\" data-end=\"4337\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4320\" data-end=\"4337\"\u003eRock structures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4338\" data-end=\"4356\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4340\" data-end=\"4356\"\u003ePlant clusters\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4357\" data-end=\"4374\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4374\"\u003eShelter zones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4375\" data-end=\"4396\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4377\" data-end=\"4396\"\u003eStable filtration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4397\" data-end=\"4419\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4399\" data-end=\"4419\"\u003eModerate flow pump\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4421\" data-end=\"4424\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4426\" data-end=\"4450\"\u003eVII. Water Parameters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4452\" data-end=\"4464\"\u003eTemperature:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4466\" data-end=\"4525\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4466\" data-end=\"4485\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4468\" data-end=\"4485\"\u003eOptimal 20–26°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4486\" data-end=\"4525\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4525\"\u003eAvoid prolonged exposure above 28°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4527\" data-end=\"4598\"\u003epH 6.5–7.5\u003cbr data-start=\"4537\" data-end=\"4540\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen\u003cbr data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4564\"\u003eRegular water changes recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4600\" data-end=\"4603\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4605\" data-end=\"4643\"\u003eVIII. Ecological Role and Tankmates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4645\" data-end=\"4681\"\u003eFunctions as small benthic omnivore.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4702\"\u003eSuitable tankmates:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4704\" data-end=\"4807\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4704\" data-end=\"4731\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4731\"\u003eSmall hillstream gobies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4732\" data-end=\"4755\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"4755\"\u003eOther small loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4756\" data-end=\"4790\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4758\" data-end=\"4790\"\u003eSmall native mid-water species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4807\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4793\" data-end=\"4807\"\u003eDwarf shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4858\"\u003eAvoid aggressive or significantly larger species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4860\" data-end=\"4863\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4865\" data-end=\"4884\"\u003eIX. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4886\" data-end=\"4936\"\u003eSpawning typically in late spring to early summer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4938\" data-end=\"4979\"\u003eEggs deposited among plants or substrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4981\" data-end=\"5007\"\u003eNo parental care observed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5009\" data-end=\"5049\"\u003eCaptive breeding reports remain limited.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46392135155901,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-002_d4681471-25da-4660-b31a-1d309d90ff79.png?v=1770616053"},{"product_id":"encyclopedic-profile-sichuan-chinese-hillstream-loach-sinogastromyzon-szechuanensis","title":"Encyclopedic Profile: Sichuan Chinese Hillstream Loach “Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis”","description":"\u003ch2\u003eI. Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScientific name\u003c\/strong\u003e: Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"420\" data-start=\"394\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"1140\" data-start=\"1121\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"420\" data-start=\"394\"\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTaxonomic Classification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClass: Osteichthyes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubclass: Actinopterygii\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily: Homalopteridae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenus: Sinogastromyzon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eType locality\u003c\/strong\u003e: Sichuan Province, China.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConservation status\u003c\/strong\u003e: Listed on the IUCN Red List. Not included in China’s national protected wildlife list, but local populations show decline due to habitat degradation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCore identity\u003c\/strong\u003e: An endemic small-sized rheophilic benthic fish of the upper Yangtze River basin. Recognized for its specialized adhesive pelvic disc and primitive stream-adapted morphology, it is valued in native river aquaria as an efficient natural algae grazer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eII. Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSichuan Chinese Sucker is highly specialized for torrent environments.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Basic Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdult size: Typically 8–10 cm; smaller individuals (5–7 cm) occur in juvenile stages or certain populations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Body Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBody dorsoventrally flattened, width greater than height\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnterior body strongly depressed; caudal peduncle slightly compressed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHead short and flattened\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSnout rounded; snout fold divided into lobes with two pairs of rostral barbels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo pairs of maxillary barbels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Specialized Organs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePelvic fins completely fused into a powerful adhesive disc\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePectoral fins expanded laterally; origin positioned anterior to the eyes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaudal fin emarginate, lower lobe slightly longer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Scales and Coloration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBody covered with small scales; head and fin bases partially naked\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBase coloration dark brown to chocolate-brown with irregular dorsal blotches and lateral mottling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFins yellowish to light brown with scattered spots\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVentral side pale cream\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo distinct breeding coloration phase\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e5. Additional Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInferior mouth with keratinized lower jaw edge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWell-developed labial papillae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGill openings extend ventrally for improved respiration in strong current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnal fin with two unbranched rays\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIII. Distribution\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eEndemic to the upper Yangtze River basin of China.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e1. Primary Distribution\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpper Yangtze (Jinsha River section)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMin River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJialing River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYalong River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChishui River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWu River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQing River\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Additional Occurrences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReported in parts of Gansu Province and Chongqing Municipality (dominant in certain reaches of the Qijiang River).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Habitat\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrictly limited to upstream torrent zones with shallow, fast-flowing riffles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeographic range is narrow and habitat-specific.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIV. Ecology and Behavior\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eObligate rheophilic benthic species.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpends most of its life attached to rocks in strong current; moves via short crawling or hopping motions rather than sustained swimming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-territorial; individuals are loosely distributed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHighly dependent on strong flow, high dissolved oxygen, and low pollution levels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCold-tolerant (down to ~10°C), but heat-sensitive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eV. Feeding Ecology (Algae-Grazing Function)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePrimarily algivorous, serving as a natural algae controller in aquaria.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Main Diet\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiatoms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFilamentous green algae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrown algae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiofilm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Supplementary Diet\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAquatic insect larvae (e.g., chironomid larvae)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall benthic invertebrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic detritus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Captive Feeding Note\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mature aquaria with established biofilm and algae growth, supplemental feeding is unnecessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOverfeeding artificial food is discouraged to prevent water deterioration and preserve natural foraging behavior.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVI. Captive Care: Tank Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Minimum Recommended Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e≥ 40 × 30 cm (length × width) to ensure adequate water flow and activity space.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Substrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmooth rounded stones (2–5 cm diameter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid fine sand (may clog adhesive disc) or sharp gravel (risk of injury)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Equipment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrong adjustable wave pump to simulate natural torrent conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEfficient filtration system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDissolved oxygen requirement: ≥ 8 mg\/L\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Aquascape\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrioritize open flow paths.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDense aquatic plants are unnecessary (rare in natural habitat) and may obstruct current.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall patches of moss attached to rocks are acceptable as decorative elements.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVII. Water Parameters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Temperature\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptimal: 16–26°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort-term tolerance: Up to 28°C (not sustainable long-term)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProlonged exposure above 28°C strictly contraindicated (risk of hypoxia and stress)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWinter care: Cold-tolerant down to ~10°C; no heating required in temperate climates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Water Quality\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epH: 6.5–7.8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHardness: 8–12 °dGH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtremely sensitive to ammonia and nitrite; maintain crystal-clear water with no detectable pollutants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Water Change Routine\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeekly water change: 30–40%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew water must be dechlorinated and temperature-matched (≤ 2°C difference)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid frequent large water changes to maintain stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVIII. Tankmates and Stocking Density\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Suitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOnly other rheophilic species from Southwest China, such as:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHillstream loaches (e.g., Beaufortia kweichowensis)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRheophilic gobies (e.g., Rhinogobius duospilus)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther Sinogastromyzon species\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Species to Avoid\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlow-water species (e.g., Micronemacheilus pulcher, Rhodeus spp.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAggressive fish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLarge plecos (compete for algae and may attack resting individuals)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHighly competitive feeders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Stocking Density\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e40 × 30 cm tank: 4–5 individuals (species-only); maximum 8 total if mixed with other rheophilic species\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e60 × 40 cm tank: 6–8 individuals (species-only); maximum 12 total if mixed with other rheophilic species\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCore principle: Avoid overcrowding. Sufficient attachment surfaces and algae resources are essential for health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIX. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Spawning Season\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLate spring (May) when water temperature rises to 18–20°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Spawning Behavior\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpawns exclusively in gravel beds of fast-flowing water\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFemales deposit adhesive eggs on smooth rock surfaces or in crevices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMales fertilize eggs through chasing behavior; no parental care\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEggs are pale yellow, adhesive, and approximately 1.85 mm in diameter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Early Development\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncubation period: ~22 hours and 34 minutes at 26.3–27.8°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNewly hatched larvae: ~4.39 mm in total length with 37 myomeres\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYolk sac absorption: Completed by day 4 (starts exogenous feeding on algae)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJuvenile stage: Scales fully developed by day 65\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Captive Breeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArtificial fertilization has been successfully documented, but large-scale breeding programs are not currently available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMost specimens in the aquarium trade are wild-caught.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eX. Conservation and Ethical Considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Major Threats\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDam construction (blocks migration and spawning routes; destroys torrent habitats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgricultural runoff (pollutes water, kills algae, and degrades food sources)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOver-collection for the aquarium trade (causes significant local population declines)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. Ethical Recommendations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrioritize captive-bred specimens when available (reduces pressure on wild populations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNever release captive individuals into non-native waters (risks genetic contamination or ecological disruption)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport conservation of torrent habitats (e.g., opposing unregulated river modification)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePromote awareness of the species’ conservation status among aquarists\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46392427020477,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-001_2_ed9e7238-59c7-4b34-9894-15c4c43ebd5a.png?v=1770641764"},{"product_id":"pseudogastromyzon-cheni-species-profile","title":"Pseudogastromyzon cheni Species Profile","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"293\" data-start=\"138\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"162\" data-start=\"138\"\u003eCore Identification:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"165\" data-start=\"162\"\u003eGray-brown base coloration with large irregular round blotches; dorsal fin displaying distinct red–white–black horizontal bands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"298\" data-start=\"295\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"321\" data-start=\"300\"\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"421\" data-start=\"323\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"350\" data-start=\"323\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon cheni\u003c\/strong\u003e is a small \u003cstrong\u003eHillstream Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e endemic to China.\u003cbr data-end=\"407\" data-start=\"404\"\u003eIt belongs to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"503\" data-start=\"423\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"447\" data-start=\"423\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"447\" data-start=\"425\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"474\" data-start=\"448\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"474\" data-start=\"450\"\u003eFamily: Homalopteridae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"503\" data-start=\"475\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"503\" data-start=\"477\"\u003eGenus: Pseudogastromyzon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"420\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"705\" data-start=\"505\"\u003eThe species is restricted to the upper Hanjiang River basin. Due to its extremely narrow distribution and habitat fragmentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"721\" data-start=\"707\"\u003eMorphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"953\" data-start=\"723\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"770\" data-start=\"723\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"770\" data-start=\"725\"\u003eAdult size: 6–8 cm (rarely exceeding 10 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"845\" data-start=\"771\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"845\" data-start=\"773\"\u003eBody form: Strongly depressed anterior body, flattened ventral surface\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"884\" data-start=\"846\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"884\" data-start=\"848\"\u003eCaudal region: Slightly compressed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"953\" data-start=\"885\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"953\" data-start=\"887\"\u003eOverall shape: Shovel-like, adapted for adhesion in fast current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"973\" data-start=\"955\"\u003eHead Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1200\" data-start=\"975\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1003\" data-start=\"975\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1003\" data-start=\"977\"\u003eHead short and flattened\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1031\" data-start=\"1004\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1031\" data-start=\"1006\"\u003eSnout blunt and rounded\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1061\" data-start=\"1032\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1061\" data-start=\"1034\"\u003eMouth inferior and arched\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1123\" data-start=\"1062\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1123\" data-start=\"1064\"\u003eRostral fold divided into three lobes with small papillae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1200\" data-start=\"1124\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1200\" data-start=\"1126\"\u003eTwo pairs of short barbels for detecting algae and food on rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1210\" data-start=\"1202\"\u003eFins\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1374\" data-start=\"1212\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1256\" data-start=\"1212\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1256\" data-start=\"1214\"\u003ePectoral fins: Wide, laterally spreading\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1311\" data-start=\"1257\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1311\" data-start=\"1259\"\u003ePelvic fins: Separate (not forming a suction disc)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1374\" data-start=\"1312\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1374\" data-start=\"1314\"\u003eCaudal fin: Shallowly emarginate for current stabilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1403\" data-start=\"1376\"\u003eEcological Significance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1624\" data-start=\"1405\"\u003eThis species functions as a natural algae grazer and indicator of clean, well-oxygenated stream systems.\u003cbr data-end=\"1512\" data-start=\"1509\"\u003eCaptive specimens should originate from legal captive breeding sources. Wild collection is strongly discouraged.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1629\" data-start=\"1626\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"1659\" data-start=\"1631\"\u003eII. Coloration and Pattern\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1677\" data-start=\"1661\"\u003e1. Body Color\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1830\" data-start=\"1679\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1713\" data-start=\"1679\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1713\" data-start=\"1681\"\u003eBase color: Gray to gray-brown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1761\" data-start=\"1714\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1761\" data-start=\"1716\"\u003eAbdomen: Pale gray to milky white, unmarked\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1830\" data-start=\"1762\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1830\" data-start=\"1764\"\u003eContrast: Clear separation between dorsal and ventral coloration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1894\" data-start=\"1832\"\u003eEnvironmental substrate may slightly influence tone intensity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1921\" data-start=\"1896\"\u003e2. Diagnostic Blotches\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1972\" data-start=\"1923\"\u003eThe dorsal and lateral surfaces are covered with:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2159\" data-start=\"1974\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2009\" data-start=\"1974\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2009\" data-start=\"1976\"\u003eLarge, irregular round blotches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2053\" data-start=\"2010\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2053\" data-start=\"2012\"\u003eDark brown to blackish-brown coloration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2102\" data-start=\"2054\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2102\" data-start=\"2056\"\u003eScattered distribution without fixed pattern\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2137\" data-start=\"2103\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2137\" data-start=\"2105\"\u003eClear spacing between markings\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2159\" data-start=\"2138\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2159\" data-start=\"2140\"\u003eNo fine speckling\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2212\" data-start=\"2161\"\u003eThese blotches are the primary identifying feature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2255\" data-start=\"2214\"\u003e3. Dorsal Fin Pattern (Key Identifier)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2311\" data-start=\"2257\"\u003eThe dorsal fin displays a stable three-band structure:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2389\" data-start=\"2313\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2339\" data-start=\"2313\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2339\" data-start=\"2315\"\u003eOuter margin: Deep red\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2367\" data-start=\"2340\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2367\" data-start=\"2342\"\u003eMiddle band: Pure white\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2389\" data-start=\"2368\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2389\" data-start=\"2370\"\u003eBasal band: Black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2459\" data-start=\"2391\"\u003eThe clean red–white–black layering is highly distinctive and stable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2477\" data-start=\"2461\"\u003e4. Other Fins\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2642\" data-start=\"2479\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2528\" data-start=\"2479\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2528\" data-start=\"2481\"\u003ePectoral \u0026amp; pelvic fins: Match body coloration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2583\" data-start=\"2529\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2583\" data-start=\"2531\"\u003eAnal fin: Pale gray with faint distal reddish tint\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2642\" data-start=\"2584\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2642\" data-start=\"2586\"\u003eCaudal fin: Grayish, sometimes with subtle red at tips\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2647\" data-start=\"2644\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"2680\" data-start=\"2649\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2711\" data-start=\"2682\"\u003e1. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2770\" data-start=\"2713\"\u003eEndemic to the \u003cstrong data-end=\"2758\" data-start=\"2728\"\u003eupper Hanjiang River basin\u003c\/strong\u003e, primarily:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2894\" data-start=\"2772\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2792\" data-start=\"2772\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2792\" data-start=\"2774\"\u003eChangting (Fujian)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2813\" data-start=\"2793\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2813\" data-start=\"2795\"\u003eShanghang (Fujian)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2833\" data-start=\"2814\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2833\" data-start=\"2816\"\u003eYongding (Fujian)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2894\" data-start=\"2834\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2894\" data-start=\"2836\"\u003eLimited marginal presence near the Fujian–Guangdong border\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2951\" data-start=\"2896\"\u003ePopulations are fragmented and geographically isolated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2956\" data-start=\"2953\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2987\" data-start=\"2958\"\u003e2. Habitat Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3004\" data-start=\"2989\"\u003eFlow Regime\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3084\" data-start=\"3005\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3036\" data-start=\"3005\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3036\" data-start=\"3007\"\u003eFast-flowing mountain streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3054\" data-start=\"3037\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3054\" data-start=\"3039\"\u003eShallow riffles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3084\" data-start=\"3055\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3084\" data-start=\"3057\"\u003eContinuous current required\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3099\" data-start=\"3086\"\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3205\" data-start=\"3100\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3128\" data-start=\"3100\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3128\" data-start=\"3102\"\u003eSmooth cobbles and pebbles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3164\" data-start=\"3129\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3164\" data-start=\"3131\"\u003eMinimal silt or sand accumulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3205\" data-start=\"3165\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3205\" data-start=\"3167\"\u003eAlgal biofilm present on rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3222\" data-start=\"3207\"\u003eOxygenation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3272\" data-start=\"3223\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3246\" data-start=\"3223\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3246\" data-start=\"3225\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3272\" data-start=\"3247\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3272\" data-start=\"3249\"\u003eClear, unpolluted water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3301\" data-start=\"3274\"\u003eNatural Parameter Range\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3418\" data-start=\"3303\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3318\" data-start=\"3303\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3318\" data-start=\"3305\"\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3343\" data-start=\"3319\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3343\" data-start=\"3321\"\u003eTemperature: 17–25°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3418\" data-start=\"3344\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3418\" data-start=\"3346\"\u003eThermal stress: Prolonged exposure above 28°C increases mortality risk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3423\" data-start=\"3420\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"3445\" data-start=\"3425\"\u003eIV. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3518\" data-start=\"3447\"\u003eThe aquarium should replicate a clean, fast-flowing stream environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3538\" data-start=\"3520\"\u003eTank Dimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3629\" data-start=\"3540\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3568\" data-start=\"3540\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3568\" data-start=\"3542\"\u003eMinimum: 40 × 30 × 30 cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3629\" data-start=\"3569\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3629\" data-start=\"3571\"\u003eRecommended: 60 cm or longer for stable current patterns\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3643\" data-start=\"3631\"\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3719\" data-start=\"3645\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3687\" data-start=\"3645\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3687\" data-start=\"3647\"\u003e3–5 cm layer of smooth rounded pebbles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3719\" data-start=\"3688\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3719\" data-start=\"3690\"\u003eNeutral gray or brown tones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3734\" data-start=\"3721\"\u003eWater Flow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3839\" data-start=\"3736\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3771\" data-start=\"3736\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3771\" data-start=\"3738\"\u003eModerate to strong laminar flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3810\" data-start=\"3772\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3810\" data-start=\"3774\"\u003eWave pump or powerhead recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3839\" data-start=\"3811\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3839\" data-start=\"3813\"\u003eEnsure uniform circulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3854\" data-start=\"3841\"\u003eFiltration\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3946\" data-start=\"3856\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3897\" data-start=\"3856\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3897\" data-start=\"3858\"\u003eHigh-efficiency biological filtration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3920\" data-start=\"3898\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3920\" data-start=\"3900\"\u003eStrong oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3946\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3946\" data-start=\"3923\"\u003eStable nitrogen cycle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3969\" data-start=\"3948\"\u003eStructure \u0026amp; Layout\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4090\" data-start=\"3971\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4012\" data-start=\"3971\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4012\" data-start=\"3973\"\u003eSmooth stones for grazing and shelter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4058\" data-start=\"4013\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4058\" data-start=\"4015\"\u003eOpen layout to maintain water circulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4090\" data-start=\"4059\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4090\" data-start=\"4061\"\u003eAvoid cluttered aquascaping\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4095\" data-start=\"4092\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"4123\" data-start=\"4097\"\u003eV. Feeding and Husbandry\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4165\" data-start=\"4125\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4142\" data-start=\"4125\"\u003ePrimary Diet:\u003c\/strong\u003e Algal biofilm grazer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4227\" data-start=\"4167\"\u003eCaptive success depends on maintaining natural algae growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4257\" data-start=\"4229\"\u003eEncourage Natural Feeding\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4348\" data-start=\"4259\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4287\" data-start=\"4259\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4287\" data-start=\"4261\"\u003eProvide regular lighting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4348\" data-start=\"4288\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4348\" data-start=\"4290\"\u003eAllow controlled growth of diatoms and filamentous algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4390\" data-start=\"4350\"\u003eSupplemental Feeding (Only if Needed)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4482\" data-start=\"4392\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4412\" data-start=\"4392\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4412\" data-start=\"4394\"\u003eSpirulina wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4444\" data-start=\"4413\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4444\" data-start=\"4415\"\u003eAlgae-based sinking tablets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4482\" data-start=\"4445\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4482\" data-start=\"4447\"\u003eSmall amounts of blanched spinach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4505\" data-start=\"4484\"\u003eFeeding Frequency\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4607\" data-start=\"4507\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4529\" data-start=\"4507\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4529\" data-start=\"4509\"\u003e1–2 times per week\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4574\" data-start=\"4530\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4574\" data-start=\"4532\"\u003eSmall portions consumed within 5 minutes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4607\" data-start=\"4575\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4607\" data-start=\"4577\"\u003eRemove uneaten food promptly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4618\" data-start=\"4609\"\u003eAvoid\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4690\" data-start=\"4620\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4642\" data-start=\"4620\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4642\" data-start=\"4622\"\u003eHigh-protein diets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4658\" data-start=\"4643\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4658\" data-start=\"4645\"\u003eOverfeeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4690\" data-start=\"4659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4690\" data-start=\"4661\"\u003eFrequent artificial feeding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4695\" data-start=\"4692\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"4732\" data-start=\"4697\"\u003eVI. Water Parameters in Captivity\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4771\" data-start=\"4734\"\u003eStable water conditions are critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4789\" data-start=\"4773\"\u003eOptimal Range\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4928\" data-start=\"4791\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4815\" data-start=\"4791\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4815\" data-start=\"4793\"\u003eTemperature: 20–25°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4874\" data-start=\"4816\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4874\" data-start=\"4818\"\u003eMaximum tolerance: Avoid prolonged exposure above 28°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4900\" data-start=\"4875\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4900\" data-start=\"4877\"\u003eWinter minimum: ≥15°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4928\" data-start=\"4901\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4928\" data-start=\"4903\"\u003eDaily fluctuation: ≤2°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4951\" data-start=\"4930\"\u003eChemical Stability\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5041\" data-start=\"4953\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4968\" data-start=\"4953\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4968\" data-start=\"4955\"\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4987\" data-start=\"4969\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4987\" data-start=\"4971\"\u003eAmmonia: 0 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5006\" data-start=\"4988\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5006\" data-start=\"4990\"\u003eNitrite: 0 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5041\" data-start=\"5007\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5041\" data-start=\"5009\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen required\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5059\" data-start=\"5043\"\u003eWater Changes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5170\" data-start=\"5061\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5078\" data-start=\"5061\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5078\" data-start=\"5063\"\u003e30–40% weekly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5112\" data-start=\"5079\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5112\" data-start=\"5081\"\u003eUse aged, dechlorinated water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5139\" data-start=\"5113\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5139\" data-start=\"5115\"\u003eMatch tank temperature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5170\" data-start=\"5140\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5170\" data-start=\"5142\"\u003eAvoid large sudden changes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5175\" data-start=\"5172\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"5206\" data-start=\"5177\"\u003eVII. Tankmates and Stocking\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5220\" data-start=\"5208\"\u003eTankmates\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5231\" data-start=\"5222\"\u003eSuitable:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5329\" data-start=\"5232\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5263\" data-start=\"5232\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5263\" data-start=\"5234\"\u003ePeaceful hillstream loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5285\" data-start=\"5264\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5285\" data-start=\"5266\"\u003eRheophilic gobies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5329\" data-start=\"5286\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5329\" data-start=\"5288\"\u003eSmall current-adapted mid-water species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5342\" data-start=\"5331\"\u003eUnsuitable:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5413\" data-start=\"5343\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5343\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5345\"\u003eAggressive or territorial benthic fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5413\" data-start=\"5386\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5413\" data-start=\"5388\"\u003eLarge predatory species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5434\" data-start=\"5415\"\u003eStocking Density\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5500\" data-start=\"5436\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5467\" data-start=\"5436\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5467\" data-start=\"5438\"\u003e40 cm tank: 3–6 individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5500\" data-start=\"5468\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5500\" data-start=\"5470\"\u003e60 cm tank: 6–12 individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5569\" data-start=\"5502\"\u003eLower densities reduce competition and improve oxygen availability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5574\" data-start=\"5571\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"5612\" data-start=\"5576\"\u003eVIII. Reproductive Behavior (Wild)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5614\"\u003eSpawning season: Late spring to early summer (May–June)\u003cbr data-end=\"5672\" data-start=\"5669\"\u003eWater temperature: 18–22°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5719\" data-start=\"5702\"\u003eSpawning Site\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5781\" data-start=\"5720\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5745\" data-start=\"5720\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5745\" data-start=\"5722\"\u003eFast, shallow riffles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5781\" data-start=\"5746\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5781\" data-start=\"5748\"\u003eSmooth cobbles or rock crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5804\" data-start=\"5783\"\u003eReproduction Type\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5870\" data-start=\"5805\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5831\" data-start=\"5805\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5831\" data-start=\"5807\"\u003eExternal fertilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5849\" data-start=\"5832\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5849\" data-start=\"5834\"\u003eAdhesive eggs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5870\" data-start=\"5850\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5870\" data-start=\"5852\"\u003eNo parental care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5963\" data-start=\"5872\"\u003eLarvae feed on plankton and algal film after hatching.\u003cbr data-end=\"5929\" data-start=\"5926\"\u003eCaptive breeding remains uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5968\" data-start=\"5965\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"5993\" data-start=\"5970\"\u003eIX. Health Management\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6008\" data-start=\"5995\"\u003eCommon risks:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6086\" data-start=\"6010\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6031\" data-start=\"6010\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6031\" data-start=\"6012\"\u003eFungal infections\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6045\" data-start=\"6032\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6045\" data-start=\"6034\"\u003eEnteritis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6057\" data-start=\"6046\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6057\" data-start=\"6048\"\u003eHypoxia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6086\" data-start=\"6058\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6086\" data-start=\"6060\"\u003eStress-related mortality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6101\" data-start=\"6088\"\u003ePrevention\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6227\" data-start=\"6103\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6134\" data-start=\"6103\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6134\" data-start=\"6105\"\u003eMaintain strong oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6169\" data-start=\"6135\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6169\" data-start=\"6137\"\u003eKeep stocking density moderate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6199\" data-start=\"6170\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6199\" data-start=\"6172\"\u003eEnsure stable temperature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6227\" data-start=\"6200\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6227\" data-start=\"6202\"\u003ePrevent physical injury\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6244\" data-start=\"6229\"\u003eIntervention\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6378\" data-start=\"6246\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6278\" data-start=\"6246\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6278\" data-start=\"6248\"\u003eIsolate affected individuals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6307\" data-start=\"6279\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6307\" data-start=\"6281\"\u003eImprove water conditions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6333\" data-start=\"6308\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6333\" data-start=\"6310\"\u003ePartial water changes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6378\" data-start=\"6334\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6378\" data-start=\"6336\"\u003eMild, targeted medication when necessary\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6437\" data-start=\"6380\"\u003eMost health issues resolve with environmental correction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6442\" data-start=\"6439\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-end=\"6488\" data-start=\"6444\"\u003eX. Conservation and Ethical Considerations\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6577\" data-start=\"6490\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6517\" data-start=\"6490\"\u003ePseudogastromyzon cheni\u003c\/strong\u003e has a highly restricted natural range and is vulnerable to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6641\" data-start=\"6579\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6602\" data-start=\"6579\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6602\" data-start=\"6581\"\u003eHabitat degradation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6622\" data-start=\"6603\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6622\" data-start=\"6605\"\u003eWater pollution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6641\" data-start=\"6623\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6641\" data-start=\"6625\"\u003eOvercollection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6672\" data-start=\"6643\"\u003eResponsible aquarists should:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6844\" data-start=\"6674\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6722\" data-start=\"6674\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6722\" data-start=\"6676\"\u003ePurchase only legally captive-bred specimens\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6748\" data-start=\"6723\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6748\" data-start=\"6725\"\u003eAvoid wild collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6799\" data-start=\"6749\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6799\" data-start=\"6751\"\u003eNever release captive fish into natural waters\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6844\" data-start=\"6800\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6844\" data-start=\"6802\"\u003eMaintain stable, low-stress environments\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46394984530109,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-001_6c5abeeb-3b15-4d30-afa2-72ccdb61ed1a.png?v=1770740715"},{"product_id":"yunnanilus-pulcherrimus-species-overview","title":"Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Species Overview","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"636\"\u003eI. Taxonomic Status and General Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"771\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"666\"\u003eOrder: Cypriniformes\u003cbr\u003eFamily: Nemacheilidae\u003cbr\u003eGenus: Yunnanilus\u003cbr\u003eScientific Name: Yunnanilus pulcherrimus\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"771\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"666\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"420\"\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"771\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"666\"\u003eMicronemacheilus pulcher\u003c\/strong\u003e (synonym: \u003cem data-start=\"677\" data-end=\"702\"\u003eYunnanilus pulcherrimus\u003c\/em\u003e) is a small benthic loach belonging to the family \u003cstrong data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"770\"\u003eNemacheilidae\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"1002\"\u003eTaxonomic literature treats these two names as heterotypic synonyms under different systematic arrangements. When referencing the species in professional or aquarium contexts, both names should be acknowledged to avoid confusion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1169\"\u003eThis species is valued in advanced freshwater aquaria for its structural coloration patterns and ecologically consistent behavioral expression rather than body size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1174\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1224\"\u003eII. Natural Distribution and Ecological Niche\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1287\"\u003eThe species is native to southern Chinese hillstream systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1337\"\u003eTypical natural habitat characteristics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1478\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1352\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1352\"\u003eClear water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1404\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1404\"\u003eModerate to moderately strong current in the wild\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1428\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1428\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1453\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1453\"\u003eSandy–gravel substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1454\" data-end=\"1478\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1478\"\u003eAbundant rock crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1542\"\u003eEcologically, it occupies a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1541\"\u003ebenthic micro-predatory niche\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1705\"\u003eIt actively forages along rock surfaces, consuming small benthic invertebrates and biofilm. Rock structures function both as refuge and spatial boundary markers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1807\"\u003eIn captivity, a gentle to moderate flow is recommended to maintain stability and optimal coloration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1809\" data-end=\"1812\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1868\"\u003eIII. Morphological and Coloration Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1924\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1924\"\u003e(Core Identification Traits — unchanged as requested)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1926\" data-end=\"1951\"\u003e1. Non-Breeding Phase\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"2028\"\u003eThe body displays a longitudinal gray-brown band running along the midline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2123\"\u003eThis band carries a subtle green undertone and extends from the snout to the caudal peduncle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2125\" data-end=\"2209\"\u003eThe dorsal region features irregular darker striping that continues toward the tail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2253\"\u003eThe caudal fin bears two horizontal bands:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2363\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2311\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2257\" data-end=\"2311\"\u003eThe upper band connects visually with dorsal striping.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2363\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2314\" data-end=\"2363\"\u003eThe lower band aligns with the central body band.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2430\"\u003eThis creates a bifurcated structural visual flow toward the tail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2496\"\u003eColoration at this stage is restrained but structurally defined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2501\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2534\"\u003e2. Breeding \/ Display Phase\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2536\" data-end=\"2588\"\u003eUpon sexual maturity or during reproductive display:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2780\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2673\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2673\"\u003eThe central gray-brown band transforms into a distinct green longitudinal stripe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2745\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2745\"\u003eAll fins develop a red tone, ranging from bright red to deep crimson.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2780\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2748\" data-end=\"2780\"\u003eSaturation increases noticeably.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2782\" data-end=\"2901\"\u003eThe areas above and below the green stripe transition from gray to reddish hues, forming a layered chromatic structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2903\" data-end=\"2987\"\u003eThis represents a structural color shift rather than simple pigment intensification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2989\" data-end=\"2992\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2994\" data-end=\"3027\"\u003eIV. Behavioral Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3029\" data-end=\"3047\"\u003eBehavior includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3160\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3067\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3051\" data-end=\"3067\"\u003eBenthic cruising\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3088\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3070\" data-end=\"3088\"\u003eCrevice occupation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3136\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3091\" data-end=\"3136\"\u003eMicro-territorial behavior among mature males\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3137\" data-end=\"3160\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3139\" data-end=\"3160\"\u003eFin display posturing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3162\" data-end=\"3248\"\u003eAggression levels remain low. Display behavior is spatial rather than confrontational.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3250\" data-end=\"3319\"\u003eActivity rhythm is steady and substrate-oriented rather than erratic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3321\" data-end=\"3324\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3326\" data-end=\"3377\"\u003eV. Aquarium Setup — Functional Layout Principles\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3379\" data-end=\"3466\"\u003eThe aquarium should prioritize physical environmental logic over decorative aesthetics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3468\" data-end=\"3488\"\u003eRequired components:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3490\" data-end=\"3718\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3490\" data-end=\"3523\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3492\" data-end=\"3523\"\u003eEfficient biological filtration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3524\" data-end=\"3580\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3526\" data-end=\"3580\"\u003eWave pump or flow pump to establish structured current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3611\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3611\"\u003eHigh dissolved oxygen levels\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3643\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3614\" data-end=\"3643\"\u003eSand or fine gravel substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3668\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3668\"\u003eStable rock formations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3669\" data-end=\"3718\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3671\" data-end=\"3718\"\u003eMultiple shaded zones and bottom-level crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3720\" data-end=\"3843\"\u003eThe focus should be on current structure, benthic surface area, and spatial partitioning rather than ornamental complexity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3845\" data-end=\"3916\"\u003eThis species performs best in well-designed hillstream biotope aquaria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3921\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"3977\"\u003eVI. Ecological Position and Community Compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3979\" data-end=\"4078\"\u003eAs a benthic micro-territorial species, it should be housed with peaceful mid- or upper-water fish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4080\" data-end=\"4101\"\u003eAvoid combining with:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4103\" data-end=\"4187\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4103\" data-end=\"4158\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4105\" data-end=\"4158\"\u003eOther bottom-dwelling loaches with overlapping niches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4159\" data-end=\"4187\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4161\" data-end=\"4187\"\u003eAggressive benthic species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4298\"\u003eProvide sufficient rock cover and visual barriers to reduce spatial tension during coloration display phases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4300\" data-end=\"4303\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4305\" data-end=\"4329\"\u003eVII. Feeding Strategy\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4331\" data-end=\"4393\"\u003eDiet should emphasize small high-protein live or frozen foods:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4463\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4407\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4397\" data-end=\"4407\"\u003eBloodworms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4408\" data-end=\"4417\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4410\" data-end=\"4417\"\u003eDaphnia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4418\" data-end=\"4432\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4420\" data-end=\"4432\"\u003eBrine shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4433\" data-end=\"4463\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4435\" data-end=\"4463\"\u003eQuality sinking micropellets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4465\" data-end=\"4513\"\u003eLight flow conditions improve feeding stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4515\" data-end=\"4518\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4547\"\u003eVIII. Reproductive Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4549\" data-end=\"4584\"\u003eColor development is influenced by:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4586\" data-end=\"4683\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4586\" data-end=\"4603\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4588\" data-end=\"4603\"\u003eSexual maturity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4604\" data-end=\"4629\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4606\" data-end=\"4629\"\u003eStable water conditions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4630\" data-end=\"4657\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4632\" data-end=\"4657\"\u003eHigh oxygen concentration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4683\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4660\" data-end=\"4683\"\u003eAdequate protein intake\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4685\" data-end=\"4781\"\u003eSpawning is presumed to occur within rock crevices. Documented captive breeding remains limited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4783\" data-end=\"4786\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4788\" data-end=\"4814\"\u003eIX. Aquarist Evaluation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4980\"\u003eDifficulty: Moderate\u003cbr data-start=\"4836\" data-end=\"4839\"\u003eColoration potential: High\u003cbr data-start=\"4865\" data-end=\"4868\"\u003eEcological expression value: High\u003cbr data-start=\"4901\" data-end=\"4904\"\u003eBest suited for: Experienced aquarists familiar with structured flow systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4982\" data-end=\"4985\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4987\" data-end=\"5000\"\u003eX. Summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5002\" data-end=\"5125\"\u003eThe ornamental value of \u003cem data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5052\"\u003eMicronemacheilus pulcher\u003c\/em\u003e lies in structural color transformation rather than static pigmentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5127\" data-end=\"5218\"\u003eUnder appropriate environmental conditions, coloration and behavior develop simultaneously.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5220\" data-end=\"5320\"\u003eIt is a species whose full expression depends on ecological accuracy rather than decorative display.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46410351771837,"sku":null,"price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-010_1a45864c-0276-43d2-bc74-863d7eea72a7.png?v=1771252988"}],"url":"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach.oembed","provider":"Eira Aquatics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}