{"product_id":"panda-loach-yaoshania-pachychilus","title":"Panda Loach - Yaoshania pachychilus","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"187\" data-start=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePanda Loach\u003c\/strong\u003e \/ Gold-Striped Loach\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"192\" data-start=\"189\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"216\" data-start=\"194\"\u003eI. Species Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e← Back to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/collections\/loach\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1140\"\u003eLoach\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (genus overview)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"247\" data-start=\"218\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"247\" data-start=\"218\"\u003eScientific Classification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"249\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"249\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"251\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"261\" data-start=\"251\"\u003eOrder:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cypriniformes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"310\" data-start=\"278\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"310\" data-start=\"280\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"291\" data-start=\"280\"\u003eFamily:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gastromyzontidae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"337\" data-start=\"311\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"337\" data-start=\"313\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"323\" data-start=\"313\"\u003eGenus:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"335\" data-start=\"324\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"338\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"340\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"352\" data-start=\"340\"\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"376\" data-start=\"353\"\u003eYaoshania pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"581\" data-start=\"378\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"401\" data-start=\"378\"\u003eYaoshania pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e is the only extant species within the genus \u003cem data-end=\"457\" data-start=\"446\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e. It was formerly classified as \u003cem data-end=\"513\" data-start=\"489\"\u003eProtomyzon pachychilus\u003c\/em\u003e and later reassigned based on morphological and molecular evidence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"913\" data-start=\"583\"\u003eThe common names \u003cstrong data-end=\"617\" data-start=\"600\"\u003e“Panda Loach”\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"646\" data-start=\"622\"\u003e“Gold-Striped Loach”\u003c\/strong\u003e describe two black-and-white pattern phenotypes of the same species. Current evidence does not support species-level genetic divergence between these forms. Pattern variation is generally associated with geographic population differences and ontogenetic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"964\" data-start=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"964\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"930\" data-start=\"917\"\u003eEndemism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dayao Mountains, Guangxi, China\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1008\" data-start=\"965\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1008\" data-start=\"967\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"982\" data-start=\"967\"\u003eAdult size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5–6.5 cm (rarely \u0026gt;7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1064\" data-start=\"1009\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1064\" data-start=\"1011\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1031\" data-start=\"1011\"\u003eEcological type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Benthic rheophilic stream fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"1065\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1142\" data-start=\"1067\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1089\" data-start=\"1067\"\u003eProtection status:\u003c\/strong\u003e Class II National Protected Aquatic Wildlife (China)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1257\" data-start=\"1144\"\u003eWild populations have declined due to habitat disturbance. Individuals in legal trade are primarily captive-bred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1262\" data-start=\"1259\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"1315\" data-start=\"1264\"\u003eII. Coloration and Morphological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1342\" data-start=\"1317\"\u003eA. General Morphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1362\" data-start=\"1344\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1362\" data-start=\"1344\"\u003eBody Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1364\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1393\" data-start=\"1364\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1393\" data-start=\"1366\"\u003eAnterior body cylindrical\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1432\" data-start=\"1394\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1432\" data-start=\"1396\"\u003ePosterior body slightly compressed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1433\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1494\" data-start=\"1435\"\u003eVentral surface strongly flattened (adapted for adhesion)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1523\" data-start=\"1496\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1523\" data-start=\"1496\"\u003eHead \u0026amp; Sensory Features\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1525\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1547\" data-start=\"1525\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1547\" data-start=\"1527\"\u003eHead low and broad\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1565\" data-start=\"1548\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1565\" data-start=\"1550\"\u003eSnout rounded\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1614\" data-start=\"1566\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1614\" data-start=\"1568\"\u003eSnout length ≈ 1.5 × postorbital head length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1615\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1643\" data-start=\"1617\"\u003eEyes small, dorsolateral\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1684\" data-start=\"1645\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1684\" data-start=\"1645\"\u003eOral Structure (Diagnostic Feature)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1686\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1722\" data-start=\"1686\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1722\" data-start=\"1688\"\u003eMouth inferior, shallowly arched\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1750\" data-start=\"1723\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1750\" data-start=\"1725\"\u003eLips markedly thickened\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1771\" data-start=\"1751\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1771\" data-start=\"1753\"\u003eUpper lip smooth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1820\" data-start=\"1772\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1820\" data-start=\"1774\"\u003eLower lip with enlarged posterolateral lobes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1821\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1875\" data-start=\"1823\"\u003eAdapted for scraping periphyton from rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1894\" data-start=\"1877\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1894\" data-start=\"1877\"\u003eFins \u0026amp; Scales\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"1896\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1966\" data-start=\"1896\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1966\" data-start=\"1898\"\u003ePectoral and pelvic fins horizontally expanded (adhesive function)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2030\" data-start=\"1967\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2030\" data-start=\"1969\"\u003eDorsal and caudal fins translucent with fine black spotting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2071\" data-start=\"2031\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2071\" data-start=\"2033\"\u003eLateral line complete (70–79 scales)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"2072\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2116\" data-start=\"2074\"\u003eBody coloration strictly black and white\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2121\" data-start=\"2118\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2148\" data-start=\"2123\"\u003eB. Pattern Phenotypes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-end=\"2189\" data-start=\"2150\"\u003e1. Panda Phenotype (Block Pattern)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2191\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2227\" data-start=\"2191\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2227\" data-start=\"2193\"\u003e3–4 broad black transverse bands\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2276\" data-start=\"2228\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2276\" data-start=\"2230\"\u003eBands extend from dorsum to mid-lateral body\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2311\" data-start=\"2277\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2311\" data-start=\"2279\"\u003eWhite to off-white interspaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2312\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2363\" data-start=\"2314\"\u003ePattern typically stable from juvenile to adult\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-end=\"2412\" data-start=\"2365\"\u003e2. Gold-Striped Phenotype (Linear Pattern)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2414\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2471\" data-start=\"2414\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2471\" data-start=\"2416\"\u003eTransverse bands reduced to narrow longitudinal lines\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2506\" data-start=\"2472\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2506\" data-start=\"2474\"\u003eLines parallel along body axis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2535\" data-start=\"2507\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2535\" data-start=\"2509\"\u003eOccasionally reticulated\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2573\" data-start=\"2536\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2573\" data-start=\"2538\"\u003eOften develops at sub-adult stage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2574\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2624\" data-start=\"2576\"\u003eSome individuals transition from block pattern\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2734\" data-start=\"2626\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2648\" data-start=\"2626\"\u003eSexual dimorphism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Minimal. Females may exhibit slight abdominal distension during reproductive periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2739\" data-start=\"2736\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"2773\" data-start=\"2741\"\u003eIII. Distribution and Habitat\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2805\" data-start=\"2775\"\u003eA. Geographic Distribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2807\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2861\" data-start=\"2807\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2861\" data-start=\"2809\"\u003eEndemic to Dayao Mountains National Nature Reserve\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2907\" data-start=\"2862\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2907\" data-start=\"2864\"\u003eRestricted to connected tributary systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2908\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2948\" data-start=\"2910\"\u003eNo confirmed records outside Guangxi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3008\" data-start=\"2950\"\u003eRelative frequency of phenotypes varies among tributaries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3013\" data-start=\"3010\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3048\" data-start=\"3015\"\u003eB. Natural Habitat Conditions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3050\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3074\" data-start=\"3050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3074\" data-start=\"3052\"\u003eElevation: 200–800 m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3075\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3127\" data-start=\"3077\"\u003eWater type: Clear, fast-flowing mountain streams\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3158\" data-start=\"3128\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3158\" data-start=\"3130\"\u003eDissolved oxygen: ≥ 8 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3192\" data-start=\"3159\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3192\" data-start=\"3161\"\u003eSubstrate: Pebbles and gravel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3230\" data-start=\"3193\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3230\" data-start=\"3195\"\u003eAnnual temperature range: 16–22°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3256\" data-start=\"3231\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3256\" data-start=\"3233\"\u003eWinter minimum: ~10°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3257\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3282\" data-start=\"3259\"\u003eSummer maximum: ~26°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3343\" data-start=\"3284\"\u003eSensitive to temperature instability and water degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3348\" data-start=\"3345\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3377\" data-start=\"3350\"\u003eIV. Phenotype Comparison\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3389\" data-start=\"3379\"\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3407\" data-start=\"3389\"\u003ePanda Phenotype\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3433\" data-start=\"3407\"\u003eGold-Striped Phenotype\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3558\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3504\" data-start=\"3489\"\u003ePattern Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3529\" data-start=\"3504\"\u003eBroad transverse bands\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3558\" data-start=\"3529\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eNarrow longitudinal lines\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3640\" data-start=\"3559\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3573\" data-start=\"3559\"\u003eDevelopment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3603\" data-start=\"3573\"\u003ePresent from juvenile stage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3640\" data-start=\"3603\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eOften develops at sub-adult stage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3745\" data-start=\"3641\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3660\" data-start=\"3641\"\u003eHabitat Tendency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3704\" data-start=\"3660\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eMore common in high-flow core tributaries\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3745\" data-start=\"3704\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMore common in peripheral tributaries\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3746\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"3759\" data-start=\"3746\"\u003eMorphology\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3771\" data-start=\"3759\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eIdentical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"3784\" data-start=\"3771\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eIdentical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3843\" data-start=\"3786\"\u003eNo reproductive or genetic barrier has been demonstrated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3848\" data-start=\"3845\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3876\" data-start=\"3850\"\u003eV. Husbandry Guidelines\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3901\" data-start=\"3878\"\u003eA. Water Parameters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3918\" data-start=\"3903\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3918\" data-start=\"3903\"\u003eTemperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3919\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3937\" data-start=\"3919\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3937\" data-start=\"3921\"\u003eRange: 18–24°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3938\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3958\" data-start=\"3940\"\u003eOptimal: 20–22°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3959\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3986\" data-start=\"3961\"\u003eProlonged \u0026gt;28°C: lethal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4001\" data-start=\"3988\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4001\" data-start=\"3988\"\u003eChemistry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4002\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4017\" data-start=\"4002\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4017\" data-start=\"4004\"\u003epH: 6.5–7.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4040\" data-start=\"4018\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4040\" data-start=\"4020\"\u003eHardness: 5–15°dGH\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4063\" data-start=\"4041\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4063\" data-start=\"4043\"\u003eAmmonia\/Nitrite: 0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4064\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4085\" data-start=\"4066\"\u003eNitrate: ≤20 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4104\" data-start=\"4087\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4104\" data-start=\"4087\"\u003eFlow \u0026amp; Oxygen\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4105\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4133\" data-start=\"4105\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4133\" data-start=\"4107\"\u003eDissolved oxygen ≥7 mg\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4134\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4173\" data-start=\"4136\"\u003eModerate–strong current recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4191\" data-start=\"4175\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4191\" data-start=\"4175\"\u003eWater Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4192\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4209\" data-start=\"4192\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4209\" data-start=\"4194\"\u003e25–30% weekly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4210\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4242\" data-start=\"4212\"\u003eTemperature variation ≤2–3°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4247\" data-start=\"4244\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4263\" data-start=\"4249\"\u003eB. Feeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4313\" data-start=\"4265\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4279\" data-start=\"4265\"\u003eDiet Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Omnivorous (herbivorous tendency)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4331\" data-start=\"4315\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4331\" data-start=\"4315\"\u003ePrimary Diet\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4332\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4352\" data-start=\"4332\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4352\" data-start=\"4334\"\u003ePeriphyton algae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4382\" data-start=\"4353\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4382\" data-start=\"4355\"\u003eAlgae-based sinking foods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4383\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4403\" data-start=\"4385\"\u003eSpirulina wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4433\" data-start=\"4405\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4433\" data-start=\"4405\"\u003eSupplement (2–3× weekly)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4434\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4455\" data-start=\"4434\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4455\" data-start=\"4436\"\u003eFrozen bloodworms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4456\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4472\" data-start=\"4458\"\u003eBrine shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4550\" data-start=\"4474\"\u003eDeliver food directly to the substrate. Avoid high-fat or high-starch feeds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4555\" data-start=\"4552\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4578\" data-start=\"4557\"\u003eVI. Aquarium Setup\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4596\" data-start=\"4580\"\u003eA. Tank Size\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4598\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4630\" data-start=\"4598\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4630\" data-start=\"4600\"\u003e40 cm tank (3–5 individuals)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4631\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4664\" data-start=\"4633\"\u003e60 cm+ recommended for groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4669\" data-start=\"4666\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4687\" data-start=\"4671\"\u003eB. Substrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4689\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4726\" data-start=\"4689\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4726\" data-start=\"4691\"\u003eDark sand or fine gravel (3–5 mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4755\" data-start=\"4727\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4755\" data-start=\"4729\"\u003eMimics natural streambed\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4756\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4784\" data-start=\"4758\"\u003eEnhances visual contrast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4789\" data-start=\"4786\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4816\" data-start=\"4791\"\u003eC. Hardscape \u0026amp; Plants\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4818\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4852\" data-start=\"4818\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4852\" data-start=\"4820\"\u003eSmooth stones forming crevices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4893\" data-start=\"4853\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4893\" data-start=\"4855\"\u003eSparse planting (moss, \u003cem data-end=\"4890\" data-start=\"4878\"\u003eMicrosorum\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4894\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4940\" data-start=\"4896\"\u003eAvoid excessive planting that reduces flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4945\" data-start=\"4942\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4963\" data-start=\"4947\"\u003eD. Equipment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"4965\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4997\" data-start=\"4965\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4997\" data-start=\"4967\"\u003eStrong biological filtration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5035\" data-start=\"4998\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5035\" data-start=\"5000\"\u003eWave maker for current simulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5061\" data-start=\"5036\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5061\" data-start=\"5038\"\u003eSupplemental aeration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"5062\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5090\" data-start=\"5064\"\u003eChiller in warm climates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5154\" data-start=\"5092\"\u003eNot suitable for stagnant or high-temperature planted systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5159\" data-start=\"5156\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5192\" data-start=\"5161\"\u003eVII. Community Compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5216\" data-start=\"5194\"\u003eSuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5218\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5243\" data-start=\"5218\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5243\" data-start=\"5220\"\u003eNon-aggressive gobies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5280\" data-start=\"5244\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5280\" data-start=\"5246\"\u003eSimilar-sized hillstream loaches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5308\" data-start=\"5281\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5308\" data-start=\"5283\"\u003eSmall mid-water species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5309\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5311\"\u003eNon-invasive invertebrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5365\" data-start=\"5341\"\u003eUnsuitable Tankmates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5367\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5367\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5385\" data-start=\"5369\"\u003ePredatory fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5416\" data-start=\"5386\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5416\" data-start=\"5388\"\u003eAggressive benthic species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5417\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5449\" data-start=\"5419\"\u003eHigh-bioload warm-water fish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5498\" data-start=\"5451\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5472\" data-start=\"5451\"\u003eStocking density:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1–2 individuals per 10 L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5503\" data-start=\"5500\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5526\" data-start=\"5505\"\u003eVIII. Reproduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5550\" data-start=\"5528\"\u003eA. Wild Conditions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5552\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5574\" data-start=\"5552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5574\" data-start=\"5554\"\u003eSeason: April–June\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5599\" data-start=\"5575\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5599\" data-start=\"5577\"\u003eTemperature: 22–26°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5635\" data-start=\"5600\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5635\" data-start=\"5602\"\u003eEggs deposited on rock surfaces\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5653\" data-start=\"5636\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5653\" data-start=\"5638\"\u003eAdhesive eggs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5674\" data-start=\"5654\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5674\" data-start=\"5656\"\u003eNo parental care\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5675\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5700\" data-start=\"5677\"\u003eIncubation: 7–10 days\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5705\" data-start=\"5702\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5730\" data-start=\"5707\"\u003eB. Captive Breeding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5767\" data-start=\"5732\"\u003eAchieved but technically demanding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5786\" data-start=\"5769\"\u003eKey requirements:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5805\" data-start=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5805\" data-start=\"5789\"\u003eStrong current\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5826\" data-start=\"5806\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5826\" data-start=\"5808\"\u003eHigh oxygenation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5848\" data-start=\"5827\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5848\" data-start=\"5829\"\u003e22–24°C stability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5884\" data-start=\"5849\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5884\" data-start=\"5851\"\u003eSmooth stone spawning substrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5885\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5917\" data-start=\"5887\"\u003eEgg separation post-spawning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5922\" data-start=\"5919\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5952\" data-start=\"5924\"\u003eIX. Health Considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6030\" data-start=\"5954\"\u003eHighly sensitive to chemical treatments. Environmental correction preferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"6032\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6049\" data-start=\"6032\"\u003eCommon Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6083\" data-start=\"6050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6083\" data-start=\"6052\"\u003eIch (temperature instability)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6114\" data-start=\"6084\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6114\" data-start=\"6086\"\u003eEnteritis (diet imbalance)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6115\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6146\" data-start=\"6117\"\u003eHypoxia (oxygen deficiency)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6198\" data-start=\"6148\"\u003eQuarantine new fish 7–10 days before introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6203\" data-start=\"6200\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6230\" data-start=\"6205\"\u003eX. Conservation Status\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6285\" data-start=\"6232\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6285\" data-start=\"6234\"\u003eClass II National Protected Species (China, 2021)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6286\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6288\"\u003eWild collection and trade prohibited\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6344\" data-start=\"6328\"\u003ePrimary threats:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6345\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6369\" data-start=\"6345\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6369\" data-start=\"6347\"\u003eHabitat modification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6370\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6389\" data-start=\"6372\"\u003eOver-collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6457\" data-start=\"6391\"\u003eCaptive-bred individuals must not be released into natural waters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6462\" data-start=\"6459\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6485\" data-start=\"6464\"\u003eXI. Taxonomic Note\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6630\" data-start=\"6487\"\u003eOriginally assigned to \u003cem data-end=\"6522\" data-start=\"6510\"\u003eProtomyzon\u003c\/em\u003e, reclassified in 2012 as the sole species of \u003cem data-end=\"6579\" data-start=\"6568\"\u003eYaoshania\u003c\/em\u003e based on morphological and molecular distinctions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6749\" data-start=\"6632\"\u003ePhenotypic variation is interpreted as geographic and developmental differentiation rather than taxonomic separation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Eira Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46381373325501,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0750\/7181\/5869\/files\/ezgif-frame-003_eef5abc0-1ae0-4b7e-a42b-362a9cdd4275.png?v=1770220969","url":"https:\/\/eiraaquatics.com\/products\/panda-loach-yaoshania-pachychilus","provider":"Eira Aquatics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}